PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AT/ IN/ ON/ DURING/ AFTER/ BEFORE/ FROM… TILL, UNTIL, TO/ AGO

QUANTIFIERS SOME/ ANY/ NO/ MUCH/ MANY/ A LOT OF/ LOTS OF/ (A) LITTLE/ (A) FEW

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS COUNTABLE (USE “THERE ARE”) In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be counted. UNCOUNTABLE (USE “THERE IS”) Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted.

WE USE SOME + UNCOUNTABLE/ PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES AND OFFERS THERE IS SOME ORANGE JUICE IN THE REFRIGERATOR WOULD YOU LIKE SOME FRIES?

WE USE ANY + UNCOUNTABLE/ PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES IS THERE ANY ORANGE JUICE IN THE REFRIGERATOR? THERE AREN’T ANY FRIES ON THE TABLE

WE USE NO (=NOT ANY) + UNCOUNTABLE / PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES TO GIVE A NEGATIVE MEANING THERE IS NO CHEESE IN THE REFRIGERATOR THERE ISN’T ANY CHEESE IN THE REFRIGERATOR

WE USE MUCH WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES WE DON’T HAVE MUCH MONEY HOW MUCH RICE IS THERE ON THE PLATE?

WE USE MANY WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, USUALLY IN QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES THERE AREN’T MANY BOOKS IN THE BOOKCASE

WE USE A LOT OF/ LOTS OF WITH UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, USUALLY IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES THERE IS A LOT OF COFFEE IN MY CUP THERE ARE LOTS OF APPLES IN THE REFRIGERATOR

WE USE A LITTLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES THERE IS A LITTLE CHEESE ON THE TABLE

WE USE A FEW WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS, IN AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES THERE ARE A FEW MAGAZINES ON THE TABLE

WE USE LITTLE WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, WHEN THERE’S NOT ENOUGH OF SOMETHING WE HAVE VERY LITTLE TIME

WE USE FEW WITH PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS WHEN THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH OF THEM THERE ARE VERY FEW TOMATOES LEFT

NOTE: FOR EMPHASIS WE CAN USE: VERY, SO, TO + LITTLE/ FEW THERE’S VERY LITTLE MILK IN MY COFFEE ONLY + A LITTLE / A FEW HE HAS ONLY A FEW FRIENDS WHEN SOME/ ANY/ MUCH/ MANY/ A LOT/ LOTS/ A LITTLE/ A FEW ARE USED AS PRONOUNS, THEY ARE NOT FOLLOWED BY NOUNS DO YOU HAVE ANY MONEY? NO, I DON’T HAVE ANY I DON’T NEED ANY MORE HATS, I HAVE LOTS

PAST PROGRESSIVE WAS/ WERE + -ING

AFFIRMATIVE I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WAS WORKING WE/ YOU/ THEY WERE WORKING

NEGATIVE I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WASN’T WORKING WE/ YOU/ THEY WEREN’T WORKING

QUESTIONS WAS I/ HE/ SHE/ IT WORKING? WERE WE/ YOU/ THEY WORKING?

WE USE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE: FOR ACTIONS THAT WERE HAPPENING AT A SPECIFIC POINT OF TIME IN THE PAST I WAS WATCHING TV AT 7 O’ CLOCK YESTERDAY EVENING TO DESCRIBE BACKGROUND SCENES TO A STORY JILL WAS WALKING TV AT 7 O’ CLOCK YESTERDAY EVENING FOR ACTIONS THAT WERE HAPPENING AT THE SAME TIME IN THE PAST. IN THIS CASE, WE USUALLY USE WHILE WHILE I WAS WATCHING TV, MY FATHER WAS COOKING