DO NOW: Take a piece of paper…

What is Blood? Blood is the tissue of transport in your body. It carries materials to the cells and also carries waste away from the cells. Humans have ~ 4-6 liters of blood

Cells

What is Blood made of? Blood is both liquid and solid Plasma (liquid part) –90% water –Red

There are 3 kinds of Blood Cells (solid part): Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells White Blood CellsPlatelets

Red Blood Cells Donut-shaped Contains a PROTEIN called Hemoglobin Carries Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide

White Blood Cells Warrior cells – they fight disease and infection They “Patrol” for invaders and “eat” foreign objects in the body

White Blood Cells If an invading virus fights back, the number will increase.

Platelets Help to stop bleeding Release a chemical that helps blood to clot

Every drop of Blood contains: 5 million red blood cells 8,000 white blood cells 250,000 platelets

Blood Diseases & Disorders 1. Anemia 2. Hemophilia 3. Thrombosis

Anemia Caused by too little iron in the diet, not enough red blood cells

Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia A genetic disorder The Red blood cells are moon shaped Low hemoglobin (not enough oxygen) The cells are also more likely to get stuck on one another

Hemophilia Genetic disease – mostly in males Blood can’t clot Could lead to bleeding that doesn’t stop even from minor injuries.

Thrombosis An abnormal blood clot in a blood vessel - may block blood flow Prevents O 2 from reaching an organ/tissue Can cause a heart attack

This picture shows a red and swollen thigh and leg caused by a blood clot (thrombus) in the deep veins in the groin which prevents normal return of blood from the leg to the heart.

Thrombosis

Causes and Treatment for Thrombosis Causes – build up of fat on the vessel wall Smoking and high blood pressure Treatment –drugs that prevent clotting Aspirin

Human Circulatory System: Also known as the cardio-vascular system Cardio refers to the heart Vascular refers to the blood vessels

Circulation The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again Blood flows to the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide

Systemic Circulation The movement of oxygen-rich blood to all of the tissue located throughout your body

The Human Circulatory System contains 3 parts: 1. Heart 2. Blood Vessels 3. Blood

The Heart Your heart is made up of cardiac muscle that never gets tired It beats without stopping for your entire life!! It pumps about 1/3 cup of blood with each beat, and about 2,000 gallons of blood daily

Function of the heart: The purpose of the heart is to deliver the O 2 blood to every cell in the body

Heart Valves There are 4 valves in the heart that help to direct blood flow Blood should only move in one direction to avoid mixing between oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood actually-pumps-blood-edmond-hui

There are 3 main types of blood vessels: Arteries – carry blood away from heart Veins – carry blood to heart Capillaries – where gas exchange occurs (O 2 goes to cells, CO 2 goes to blood)

Blood Vessels

Capillary Bed

What causes Varicose Veins? Lack of movement Obesity Several pregnancies Tight clothing High-heeled shoes (the calf- muscle does not operate if heels are higher that 6-8 cm

There are 9 Main Arteries that supply the body with blood

Spider Veins Small, thin veins that are close to the surface of the skin. Causes –heredity –pregnancy –hormonal shifts –weight gain –occupations or activities that require prolonged sitting or standing –certain medications.

Varicose Veins Problems with valves within the veins of the leg Valves don’t close properly, blood pools up in the leg

What is Blood Pressure? Pressure exerted by the blood against artery walls Consists of 2 numbers: –Systolic –Diastolic

Blood Pressure: Systolic Pressure: –The pressure as a result of contraction of the left ventricle Diastolic Pressure: –Pressure as a result of the relaxation of the left ventricle

What should my blood pressure be? Typical blood pressure for an adult is: Systolic Diastolic

High Blood Pressure: Also known as hypertension Result of reduced stretchiness of artery walls or a narrowing of arteries Caused by poor diet, stress, heredity, obesity, and cigarette smoking

What is my Pulse? A measure of how fast the heart is contracting Corresponds to the heartbeat Pulse is taken in an artery Normal resting pulse rate for an adult is bpm (beats per minute)

Pulse Locations on the Human Body

Something to think about… How many times does your heart beat in one hour? (assuming 80 bpm) 80 x 60 = 4,800 bph One day? 4800 x 24 = 115,200 bpd One week? 115,200 x 7 = 806,400 bpw One month? 806,400 x 4 = 3,225,600 bpm One year? 3,225,600 x 12 = 38,707,200 bpy In your lifetime? 38,707,200 x 25 yrs = 967,680,000

Problems of the circulatory system we will be discussing are: 1. Stroke 2. Heart Attack

Stroke Results from a blockage of an artery (Carotid artery) in the head As a result, nerve tissue in the brain dies Can be fatal

HEART ATTACK!

Heart Attack A heart attack is when part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies because it isn't receiving oxygen. Caused by a blockage in coronary arteries.

What causes a Heart Attack? Usually the blockage is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits known as cholesterol inside the artery. This buildup is like the gunk that builds up in a drainpipe and slows the flow of water. Heart attacks can also be caused by a blood clot that gets stuck in a narrow part of an artery to the heart. In either condition, the heart muscle dies due to a lack of oxygen.

Heart Attack Symptoms… The pain of a heart attack can feel like bad heartburn. You may also feel a pressure or crushing pain in your chest, sometimes with sweating, nausea or vomiting. Feel pain that extends from your chest into the jaw, left arm or left shoulder. Feel tightness in your chest. Have shortness of breath for more than a couple of seconds. Don't ignore the pain or discomfort. If you think you are having heart problems or a heart attack, get help immediately. The sooner you get treatment, the greater the chance that the doctors can prevent further damage to the heart muscle. WTnDbE

How does circulation maintain homeostasis? The heart keeps the blood flowing through the body which regulates body temperature and also delivers nutrients that the body needs, thereby maintaining homeostasis

EABqhiY