Study for Science Matter

What properties define matter? Mass – measured in grams Volume – measured in ml or cm³ Weight – measured in grams, ounces, pounds, etc. Density – measured in g/cm³

How do we measure these things? A triple beam balance measures… Mass A spring scale measures… Weight Water displacement can help measure… Volume of an irregular shaped item

We use formulas to calculate measurements. To find Mass - M= d x v To find Volume – V= m ÷ d or V = l x w x h To find Density – D= m ÷ v

What are Physical and Chemical properties of matter? Physical properties – something that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Chemical properties – describes a substance’s ability to form new substances with new properties

Examples of Physical Properties Mass, weight, volume, density Color, size, shape Texture, hardness, luster Conductivity, magnetism, ductility Solubility, malleability, state of matter Melting point, freezing point, boiling point

Examples of Chemical Properties Reactivity to other substances Oxidation (reaction to oxygen that forms rust) Combustion (reaction to oxygen that releases heat) Ripening, flammability

Conservation of Mass Mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes Mass is conserved – or stays the same For example: melting ice into water or boiling water. When these physical changes occur, the mass of the substance remains the same. Another example : mixing baking soda with vinegar. When they are combined, a gas is produced and the mass remains the same.

States of Matter How do particles move in solids liquids and gases? Solids – particles do not move, are close together and organized Liquids – particles are close together and move freely around each other Gas – particles move quickly and freely and are far apart from each other

Particle motion and properties of matter Solids have a definite shape and volume Liquids have a definite volume, but can change shape Gases can change in volume and shape When substances change state, the motion of the particles change

What happens when matter changes state? Energy is gained and lost Particle motion changes Energy is conserved

How do solids and liquids change state? Freezing – when liquid becomes and solid – energy is lost Melting – when a solid becomes a liquid – energy is gained Boiling – when a liquid becomes a gas – energy is gained Evaporation – when some liquid particles move fast enough and become a gas – energy is gained Condensation – when a gas becomes a liquid – energy is lost

Two special changes Sublimation – when a solid changes directly into a gas – energy is gained Deposition – when a gas is changed directly into a solid – energy is lost