1. Physical Properties, Phases of Matter, Chemical Properties
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties, Phases of Matter, Chemical Properties

2. General (Physical) Properties
Physical properties may be observed without changing the nature of the matter.
Boiling point is a physical property
When a liquid boils, the vapor may be condensed to get the liquid back
The liquid is still the same substance

4. What are some Physical Properties?
Properties you can see, such as color, shape, hardness, and texture
Properties that are easily measured, such as mass, volume, density, melting point, boiling point
Note! Freezing and melting point are the same temperature!
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
Is the ability to be attracted to a magnet a physical property?

5. How do we measure mass and volume?
Mass is measured on a balance or scale. Common units are grams, milligrams, and kilograms
Liquid volume is measured with a graduated cylinder. Common units are liters and milliliters
Solid volumes may be calculated with formulas or by water displacement Common units are cm3 or milliliters.

6. Finding Volume by Water Displacement
A wooden block raises the level of the liquid in the graduated cylinder from 150ml to 180ml. What is the volume of the block?
180ml
– 150ml
= 30ml

7. M D I V
If the density of the block is 300g/ml, what is its mass? (remember, its volume was 30ml)
9000g

8. Measuring Volume with a Formula
A wood block as in the last example has sides that are 2cm wide, 5cm long, and 3cm high. What is the volume of the block?
Use the formula l x w x h
The answer will be in cm3
If its mass is 90 grams, what is its density?
2cm x 5cm x 3cm = 30cm3
90g ÷ 30cm3 = 3g/cm3

9. Let’s Try Some More Density Problems
1) If the mass of a rock is 500g and its volume is 25cm3, what is its density?
If the density of a liquid is 1.2 g/mL, and its volume is 10mL, what is its mass?
If Bob’s mass is 80kg and his density is 1.6kg/L, what is his volume?

10. Answers: D = M ÷ V 1) 500g ÷ 25cm3 = 20g/cm3 2) 1.2g/ml x 10ml = 12g
3) 80kg ÷ 1.6kg/l = 50L D V

11. WEIGHT Weight is the pull of gravity on mass.
Weight changes in response to gravitational pull.
A person’s mass will remain the same on the earth or on the moon, but she will only weigh 1/6 as much on the moon.

12. PHASES OF MATTER
The most common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas
Plasma is a high energy phase found in stars
When a substance changes phase, energy (heat) is lost or gained, but temperature remains the same.

13. Types of Phase Changes Solid to liquid: Melting Liquid to gas:
Vaporization
Gas to liquid:
Condensation
Liquid to solid:
Freezing
Solid to gas:
Sublimation

14. Temperature Doesn’t Change During a Phase Change!

15. Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical properties describe a substances’ ability to change into a different substance. A chemical change is the process by which the substance changes.

16. Examples of Chemical Properties
Flammability
Ability to support burning
Ability to combine with other chemicals in a chemical reaction.

17. Examples of Chemical Changes
Rusting
Photosynthesis
Explosions
Burning
Digestion
Baking food
Fermentation

18. What are indicators of a chemical change?
Gas given off
Heat absorbed or released
Light given off
Color change
Oxidation of a metal (corrosion)
New substances are formed