Review for Cell Theory and Cell Organelle Exam Test Date Friday 11/10/06

All Objectives from Cell Organelle List the 3 parts of the cell theory Determine why cell have to be small Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Describe the role of the nucleus in cell activity Explain the role of each organelle in the cell Summarize the importance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells Identify 3 structures on plant cells that are not present in animal cells

Vocabulary Words Know these words and what their roles are if there are any Cell theory Cell membrane Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Ribosome Prokaryotic Cell wall Eukaryotic nucleus Organelle Phospholipids Lipid bilayer Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Chloroplast Central vacuole

Cell Theory The 3 parts to Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Cell Theory Scientists Robert Hooke  Mattis Schledian  Theodor Schwann  Rudolph Virchow  Called it a cell Cell make up the entire plant Animals have cells too Cells comes from other cells

4 Common Features in Cells Cell Membrane  Cytoplasm  Cytoskeleton  Ribosomes  Outer boundary Cells interior (cell fluid) Bonelike structures that supports the cell Cellular structures on which proteins are made

Prokaryotes Single cells organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments Early prokaryotes lived at least 3.5 billion years ago Example: Bacteria

Prokaryote Cell wall: surrounds the cell membrane and provides structures and support Flagella/cilia: long thread like structures that allow the prokaryote to move Lack: cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope, other organelles

Eukaryotes Are organisms that have a nucleus Have organelles Use flagella/cilia again for movement (single celled) Remember all organelles: mitochondria, microfilaments, microtubules, Lysosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Nucleus, nuclear envelope, Nucleolus, Nuclear pore

Eukaryotic Cells Remember both plant and animal cells can be eukaryotic WHY?

Plant Cells Plant cells have a few added parts that make them unique Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Cell Wall Square or block in appearance

Animal Cells Animal cells have a few added parts that make them unique Cell membrane (lipid bilayer) Round in appearance

Nucleus All important information and the function of cell are contained here Made up of a nuclear envelope, nuclear pores and a nucleolus DNA is kept here

Ribosomes Are the places at which protein chain (Amino acid chains) are formed

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Is an extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell 2 Types Rough ER & Smooth ER (Post Office)

Golgi Apparatus Is a flattened membrane –bound sacs that serves as packaging and distribution center of the cell Receives protein from ER and sends it to parts of cell that need it (Mailman)

Lysosomes Small, spherical organelles that contain the cell’s digestive enzymes Clean Up crew (Custodians)

Mitochondria (Farmer) That harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) 2 membranes Outer  smooth Inner  folded (maze/large surface area)

Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondria has its own DNA A long time ago mitochondria was a bacteria cell on its own Then a eukaryotic cell saw that it could be useful to have and a symbiotic relationship followed

Chloroplasts Light harvesting organelles that make carbohydrates from CO 2 Found in plants and also eukaryotic cells such as: seaweed and algae Has 2 membranes Contains its own DNA Was a descendent of an ancient prokaryotic cells

Central Vacuole Stores water and may contain many substances, including ions, nutrients and wastes When full it makes the plant rigid

Cells

Cell Organelle Concept Map

GOOD LUCK If you study this, your notes, your handouts and textbook you will be ok Remember can we try not to have what happened last time This will be found on the under cells than under review if you need it tonight at homewww.whsd.net