Chapter 5.2 Building Colonial Unity

1. Why did the British customs officials seize the Liberty Who owned it? They thought it was carrying smuggled goods. John Hancock

2. How did this event unite Bostonians? The colonists felt the British had pushed them too far. First, they passed laws that violated colonial rights, Second, they sent an army to occupy colonial cities

3. Why did Parliament send 2 regiments of British troops to Boston? What did colonists nickname these troops? A. because customs officers were worried the colonists were about to rebel. B. Redcoats

4. Why did Bostonians felt the British had pushed them too far? First, they passed laws that violated colonial rights, Second, they sent an army to occupy colonial cities

5. How did these troops behave toward the people of Boston? Treated them rudely, sometimes violently Even though the soldiers made little money, it angered the colonists that they took off-hours jobs. The soldiers stole from shops or fought with young boys in the streets

6. What was the result of tension between Boston colonists and redcoats? A fight broke out between the townspeople and the soldiers (the Boston Massacre)

7. When did it occur? date March 5, 1770

8. What happened in the Boston Massacre? Angry townspeople moved through the streets, picking up stones, shovels, etc, toward King Street. The sentry (guard) on duty panicked & called for help. The crowd starting throwing things, knocking down a soldier, and the redcoats fired. Five colonists were killed.

9. Who was Crispus Attucks? One of the colonists killed in the Boston Massacre, he was a dockworker who was part Native American, part African

10. What is propaganda? Ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion (p. 137, 547)

11. How were Sam Adams’ posters and Paul Revere’s engraving examples of propaganda? They exaggerated the events, promoting anti-British feelings

12. How did Revere’s engraving affect colonists? Revere’s powerful image strengthened anti-British feeling.

13. What did colonists do in reaction? They called for stronger boycotts on British goods.

14. What did parliament do in reaction to the boycott? Parliament repealed all the Townshend Acts taxes except the one on tea. The colonists felt they had won a victory, called off the boycotts, and started using British goods again.

15. What did committees of correspondence do? Who organized them? Why was this a powerful tool? Circulated writings about colonists’ grievances against Britain. Other committees formed throughout the colonies

16. Who defended the British soldiers who were tried for murder after the Boston Massacre? John Adams

17. Why did the British pass the Tea Act of 1773? To save the British East India Company, because they were on the brink of financial ruin

18. What did the Tea Act do? The East India company could ship tea to the colonies without having to pay most of the taxes usually placed on tea. Allowed the company to bypass colonial merchants and sell its tea directly to shopkeepers at a low price.

19. What did colonial merchants do? Called for a new boycott of British goods.

20. Even though East India Company tea was cheaper than any other tea in the colonies, why were many colonists upset? Because it gave the company a very favorable advantage over colonial merchants, and another way for the British to make money.

21. How did the Daughters of Liberty support the boycott? Issued a pamphlet saying they would rather “part with our tea” than part with our freedom.

22. What happened to shipments of tea to New York City, Philadelphia & Charleston? The ships were forced to turn around and go back to Great Britain

23. Why did the Boston Tea Party occur? Because the royal governor refused to let the ships turn back. (His house had been destroyed by Stamp Act protesters)

24. What was the Boston Tea Party? On December 16 a group of men (Sons of Liberty) disguised as Mohawks armed themselves with hatchets and marched to the wharves. At midnight they boarded the ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbor.

25. Did people want to declare independence at this point? No, they still thought of themselves as part of the British empire.

26. What did King George III say about the colonies? “We must master them or totally leave them alone.”

27. What laws were passed as punishments for the Boston Tea Party? The Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts

28. What 4 things did the Coercive Acts do? 1. Closed Boston Harbor until Mass. Colonists paid for the ruined tea. 2. Banned town meetings 3. permitted royal officers to be tried in other colonies or in Britain when accused of crimes. 4. Forced Bostonians to shelter soldiers in their own homes.

29. Why were these actions so harmful to colonists? They limited their rights to self- government, didn’t have to have a jury trial, forced colonists to spend their money to feed and house the British soldiers.

30. Why did colonists think these acts violated their rights as English citizens? Violated their rights as British citizens (covered in the English Bill of Rights) - no quartering of troops in private homes - no standing army in peacetime without their consent. - no standing army in peacetime without their consent.

The Quebec Act granted religious freedom for French Catholics. It also gave Quebec the area west of the Appalachian Mountains and north of the Ohio River. Colonists disliked this law because it ignored colonists claims to this area.

32. What did the colonists call the Coercive Acts? What does that term mean? The Intolerable Acts They could not tolerate the laws anymore.