Properties of Matter

To identify a chemical change look for observable signs such as: Color change Bubbling and fizzing Light production Smoke Presence of heat or cold Formation of precipitate

Phase Changes Exo-releases heat to environment Endo-absorbs heat from environment

Phase Changes Requiring Energy Melting Vaporization Sublimation

Phase Changes the Release Energy Condensation Deposition Freezing

An extensive property of a material depends upon how much matter is is being considered. An intensive property of a material does not depend upon how much matter is is being considered. mass length volume density temperature color Extensive and Intensive Properties

Density Density is a property that describes the relationship between mass and volume Density can be found by dividing mass by volume

Density of Fluids A fluid is defined as any matter that has the ability to flow You can find the density of a fluid by measuring both mass and volume and then plug it into the density equation Most liquids are less dense than the solid form because the particles in a solid have a fixed arrangement and do not have the ability to flow.

What is Viscosity? A measure of a material’s resistance to flow A measure of a material’s resistance to flow  Which substance here has a higher viscosity?

Effect of heat on viscosity Increased heat will reduce the viscosity of a fluid and thus the fluid friction. A good example is how warm ketchup flows quicker than cold. Some people describe viscosity as thickness or sluggishness.

Changing surface characteristics You can reduce the friction of a fluid sliding along a surface by improving the surface characteristics or texture of the solid object. A rough surface texture will provide more resistance than a smooth surface in most cases. Even if the surface is smooth, having protrusions such as rivets and screw heads can increase the friction.

Viscometer Uses timer and photogates to measure speed of object moving through a liquid Indicates the liquid’s resistance to flow