1. Kinetic Theory of Matter
All matter is made of atoms or molecules that act like tiny particles
These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the particles move
At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive particles.
2 Things affect speed of particles
Temperature
Mass of Individual particles
More space in between particles
Has greater volume

2. Energy’s Role
Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold something is as a result of the average kinetic energy of the particles of the object.
According to the kinetic theory of matter, the higher the temperature of a substance, the faster its particles will move.
Thermal(heat) Energy- The total kinetic energy of all a substance's atoms.
Heat is not an average, like temperature is, it is the total kinetic energy of the particles.
So if two things have an equal temperature, the one with the greater number of particles will have more heat energy in it.

3. Crystalline Solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules
Amorphous Solids are composed of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order
Definite SHAPE, definite VOLUME
Crystalline Solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules
You cannot change the amount of space a solid takes up and its shape does not change in a container

4. -No definite shape, but a definite volume
Liquids
-No definite shape, but a definite volume
Fluids- ability to flow
It changes its shape to fill a container. But the space it takes up does not change
Viscosity- resistance of a gas or liquid to flow. This is determined by the thickness of the fluid

5. Gases
No definite shape or volume
In a container, a gas will spread out evenly and take on the shape and the volume of the container
Also a fluid (has the ability to flow)

6. Plasma
A gas that has been given enough energy to separate its atoms into positive and negative charges (ionization)
Plasma composes most starts and is the most common state of matter in the universe

7. Freezing- liquid changes to a solid
Melting- solid changes to a liquid
Condensation-gas changes to a liquid
Vaporization (evaporation)- liquid changes to a gas
Sublimation- solid changing into a gas
Deposition- gas changing into a solid
Ionization- gas changing into plasma
Deionization- plasma changes into gas

8. Exothermic changes- a chemical or physical process in which energy leaves the matter that is changing
Endothermic changes- a chemical or physical process in which energy is given to the matter that is changing

9. Exothermic Phase Change
Endothermic Phase Change

10. Exothermic Phase Change
Endothermic Phase Change
Freezing
Condensation
Deposition

11. Exothermic Phase Change Endothermic Phase Change Freezing Melting
Condensation
Evaporation
Deposition
Sublimation
Law of Conservation of mass
-Matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can change forms chemically and physically, but the total amount of matter in the universe is a constant