Chapter 21 Table of Contents Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Ecosystems Table of Contents Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems

Chapter 21 Objectives Identify the eight major biomes. Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Objectives Identify the eight major biomes. Compare tundra with taiga. Compare the different kinds of forests. Compare the different kinds of grasslands. Describe the adaptations of desert organisms.

Chapter 21 The Major Biomes Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 The Major Biomes The major types of terrestrial ecosystems, known as biomes, are tundra, tropical forest, temperate forest, taiga, temperate grassland, savanna, chaparral, and desert.

Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Earth’s Major Biomes

Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Tundra Tundra is a cold biome characterized by permafrost under the surface of the ground.

Chapter 21 Forests Tropical Forests Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Forests Tropical Forests Tropical forests receive abundant rainfall and have stable temperatures. They have a greater species richness than any other biome.

Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Forests Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Forests Temperate forests have coniferous trees, which bear seeds in cones, or deciduous trees, which shed their leaves each year.

Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Deciduous Forests Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Deciduous Forests The trees in temperate deciduous forests shed all of their leaves in the fall.

Chapter 21 Forests, continued Taiga Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Forests, continued Taiga Taiga is cold but is warmer than tundra and receives more precipitation. Taiga is dominated by coniferous forests.

Chapter 21 Grasslands Temperate Grasslands Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Grasslands Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands occur in areas with cold winters and hot summers. They are dominated by grasses and herds of grazing animals.

Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Savanna Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Savanna Savannas are tropical grasslands with alternating wet and dry seasons. They are dominated by herds of grazing animals.

Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Chaparral Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Chaparral Chaparral is found in coastal regions with warm, dry summers and mild winters. It is dominated by dense, spiny shrubs.

Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 21 Deserts Deserts receive less than 25 cm (9.9 in.) of precipitation per year. Desert inhabitants have adaptations for conserving water.

Chapter 21 Objectives Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Identify the major ocean zones. Compare the aphotic zone with the photic zone. Compare the neritic zone with the oceanic zone. Describe estuaries. Compare eutrophic lakes with oligotrophic lakes. Explain the significance of gradient in rivers and streams. Describe freshwater wetlands.

Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Ocean Zones The photic zone in the ocean receives light, but the aphotic zone does not. Other zones of the ocean are defined based on their relative locations.

Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Intertidal Zone Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Intertidal Zone In the intertidal zone, organisms must be able to tolerate drying and pounding by waves.

Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Intertidal Zone

Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Neritic Zone Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Neritic Zone The neritic zone receives nutrients from the bottom of the ocean and from land. It is the ocean’s richest zone in terms of the number of species and individuals.

Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Neritic Zone

Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Oceanic Zone Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Oceanic Zone Production in the oceanic zone is limited by a shortage of nutrients.

Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued Estuaries Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued Estuaries Estuaries are very productive areas where rivers and streams flow into the sea.

Chapter 21 Freshwater Zones Lakes and Ponds Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Freshwater Zones Lakes and Ponds Oligotrophic lakes are clear and lacking in nutrients. Eutrophic lakes are rich in nutrients and are often murky.

Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Three Lake Zones

Freshwater Zones, continued Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Freshwater Zones, continued Rivers and Streams Rivers and streams are bodies of water that flow down an elevation gradient within a watershed.

Freshwater Zones, continued Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Freshwater Zones, continued Freshwater Wetlands Freshwater wetlands are areas of land, such as marshes and swamps, that are covered with fresh water for at least part of each year.

Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 21 Freshwater Biomes