WarmUp #4 1. Explain federalism. 2. What is the Bill of Rights? 3. Why did the Founding Fathers scrap the Articles of Confederation & draft an entirely new Constitution?

Long Term Cause: Social Conditions the 3 Estates –1 st Estate the clergy…exempt from taxes –2 nd Estate nobles, high government & military officers sought power from the King –3 rd Estate the commoners…paid most of the taxes, but had least amount of land peasants, craftsmen, shop keepers, wage earners etc. Bourgeoisie: middle class…doctors, lawyers, bankers, etc. who resented the nobles but wanted to be them!

The 3 Estates

The French Revolution

Short Term Cause: Financial Crisis food shortages & unemployment government spending on wars & luxuries –Louis XV “apres moi le deluge” –Marie Antoinette Kirsten Dunst as Marie Antoinette in "I Want Candy"

Louis XVI

From the Estates General to the National Assembly Estates General: composed of representatives from each Estate –met at Versailles (May 1789) –each Estate = 1 vote 3 rd Estate had TWICE as many people –called for 1 representative = 1 vote rejected by King (sided with the nobles) influenced by Enlightenment ideas –some nobles & clergy leave the 1 st & 2 nd Estates & join the 3 rd Estate to form National Assembly & to write a constitution

Beginnings of Violence Tennis Court Oath –Louis XVI locks the National Assembly out of meeting place to stop constitution (June 20 th, 1789) –Representatives meet at tennis court & swear oath they will keep meeting until they write a constitution –anywhere they meet = National Assembly Louis XVI: afraid of violence…puts troops & weapons in Paris

Tennis Court Oath

Storming the Bastille Bastille: old prison in Paris with few prisoners –Louis XVI puts weapons & cannons into the prison pointing out into the streets July 14 th, 1789 (Bastille Day or French National Day) –the people afraid of the soldiers…storm le Bastille to take away weapons! sparked rebellions & violence across France peasants vs. nobles = Great Fear signals collapse of King’s authority

Storming the Bastille

Destruction of the Old Regime Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: –August 26, 1789: charter of liberties written –borrowed from Enlightenment thought –questioned whether, to include women? it did not… harsh winter & bad harvest led to starving conditions in Paris in 1789 Parisian women marched to Versailles, demanding bread –“let them eat cake” (Marie Antoinette) –the royal family move to Paris 1791: new constitution finished –limited monarchy –legislative assembly to make laws –men over 25 who owned land could vote

Women’s March

Reaction of Louis XVI Louis XVI –pretended to play along with the new constitution –plotted to escape to Austria…raise an army & crush the Revolution June 1791: along with Marie Antoinette, snuck out of Paris & fled for the border –stopped to have lunch in Varennes…was recognized, caught, taken back to Paris & put under house arrest!

Flight to Varennes

Radicalization of Revolution without the support of Louis XVI, Constitution’s no good power led by Paris Commune: radical/extreme group, who was tired of compromise & economic problems –sans-culottes: “without breeches”----the lower classes, the ‘un’elites, the common men, the patriots –called for universal male suffrage Catholic Church lands seized…with clergy being elected by the people & paid by the State government –clergy now answerable to France…& not the Pope! these actions angered many French! –especially the peasants…

Paris Commune & Sans-Culottes

CLASSWORK→ HOMEWORK: Create a poster on 1 CAUSE of the FRENCH REVOLUTION… ---Must have color! (i.e.---color over any pencil markings) ---Must have a border! ---Must have visuals! ---Creativity is key ---More visuals, less words…