1 The Math of Printing & Imaging Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission.

2 Imaging Pixels Digitized images are divided into a precise pattern of pixels. A pixel can only designate one finite flat color at a time. Pixels used by scanners and monitors are perfectly square. Video pixels are 90% as wide as they are tall. If the number above was a 2 inch by 3 inch image, the resolution we used would be 6 pixels per inch (PPI) or 12 pixels by 18 pixels. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

3 Imaging Resolution To digitally capture photographs you need to use many pixels Resolution is defined as the number of single electronic pixels or the individual dots of ink that make up an image on a screen or a printed page Resolution can be expressed by the width and height in pixels. Resolution can also be expressed in pixels per inch (PPI) height width Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

4 Imaging Resolution Math Resolution is different from Image Size Multiply image size in inches by resolution to get dimensions in pixels. Example: How big of an image (measured in pixels) can fit on a business card with a resolution of 300PPI? 3.5 inches 2 inches ??? Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

5 Imaging Resolution Math Example Answer: How big of an image (measured in pixels) can fit on a business card with a resolution of 300PPI? Formula: (PPI) x (inches) = dimension 600 pixels 1050 pixels Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

6 Imaging More Resolution Math Resolution can also be figured out if we know the image size and the dimensions in pixels. Examples: If we wanted a photograph that was 4” x 3” to fill a monitor that was 800 x 600 pixels, what resolution is needed? [200PPI] How about a photo that is 8” x 6” and a monitor at 1024 x 768 pixels? [128PPI] Formula: (PPI) = dimension / inches Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

7 Printing Resolution Monitors display images with light so less resolution is needed when we go to print. Going to print means: Inkjet printers laser printers commercial printing presses but all handle resolution differently. Resolution for print would be measured in dots per inch (DPI) rather than pixels per inch (PPI). Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

8 Printing Resolution Screen vs Print Different yet the same PPI – pixels per inch Screen images: 72 PPI DPI – dots per inch Printed images: 300 DPI Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

9 Printing Line Screen Dots per inch (DPI) are common measurements for inkjet and laser desktop printers, but commercial printers usually use line screen measured in lines per inch (LPI). The amount of lines per inch (LPI) will vary depending on the printer and, more importantly, the type or paper that is used. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

10 Printing Common Line Screen Settings newspaper: 85LPI quick print:110LPI commercial print:133LPI magazines:150LPI high end books:200LPI Resolution / Line Screen General rule for determining resolution in pixels needed for commercial printing is: twice the line screen i.e. PPI = 2 x LPI e.g. If we print a magazine stock that uses a 150 line screen, we would capture the image at 300PPI Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

11 Formatting Markup Elements in a printing or imaging (think web design or mobile app) project are sized and positioned based on: Information Hierarchy Media Requirements Legibility Etc… All composited elements follow rules for markup including the blank spaces like gutters, alleys and margins. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

12 Newspaper Markup 4 person group project Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

13 Newspaper Markup Requirements 4 Pages; copies printed for whole class Each page is vertical: 12” x 22” Total sheet size: 24” x 22” 5 column layout Justified type for stories Markup Each member does markup on different page using other’s content Graphic and Word Processing software can be used for elements but not for markup; markup must be done by hand, cutting out elements and taping in place using precise measurements Margins must be ¼” and gutters must be straight Fonts must be consistent in style and size throughout the paper Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission

14 Newspaper Markup Requirements Content Must be all original Each member creates one entire page Elements to include:  Masthead (with volume and date info)  Headline (image and story to go with it)  Weather (with 7 day forecast, use of graphics)  Classifieds (these are not ads)  Obituaries  At least 4 stories per page (with headers and author name)  At least 2 images per page (front page will have 3 images) with captions  At least 2 ads per page (max size 2 column, ¼ height)  At least 2 sections besides news (e.g. Sports, Lifestyle, etc…) Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission