Warm Up: What do you think of when you hear, “the Renaissance”?

III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Renaissance – “Rebirth” A. Universities and Learning Revival of ancient Greek and Roman learning in Latin Europe -Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle -Greek works on medicine, math, geography Began in Italy in the 1450’s

III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance B. Humanists and Printers Humanism – study of the “classics” -Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history and ethics -Study of Greek and Latin languages Taught at European universities Humanist looked to ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration

III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Printing press- mechanical device that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper Moveable pieces of type (individual letters) Ink suitable for printing on paper -perfected by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz

Effects of Printing Press New ideas spread faster Books can reach wider audiences Bible translated into vernacular -Lessoned the dependence on the clergy -people could consult, interpret the Bible for themselves. Broke churches monopoly on religious information

III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance C. Renaissance Artists Characteristics: 1.Naturalism 2.Classicism 3.Individualism

1. Naturalism Depict nature in a realistic manner Based on careful observation -anatomy Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492

2. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism – non religious. Humanist Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

3. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca,

Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times. 3. Emphasis on Individualism

III. Literature, Learning and the Renaissance Techniques: 1.Perspective 2.Oil painting 3.Fresco 4.Free standing statues 5.Domes

1. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

One Point Perspective Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael 1504

1. Perspective Chiaroscuro Sfumato

2. Oil Painting Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci 1516

3. Fresco The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1498

David by Donatello 1430 First free-form bronze since Roman times! 4. Free Standing Statues

The Pieta Michelangelo 1499 marble 4. Free Standing Statues

David Michelangelo 1504 Marble 4. Free Standing Statues

5. Domes Il Duomo- Florence St. Peter’s -Rome