A: Article 1 forbids enactment of: a.bills of attainder ( a law that punishes someone accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court). b. Ex post facto- ( a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed.

 1. Due process of law ( 5 th and 14 th Amendments) means in part that gov’ts cannot take our lives, liberty, or property except according to the proper exercise of law.  2. Equal protection Clause: (14 th Amendment) means everyone is treated equally.

 Why do people file civil suits? ◦ A: People who bring or file suits claim to have suffered a loss or injury. They are the plaintiff. They seek damages $$$ from the defendant ( the party being sued). ◦ B: Misdemeanors: less serious crimes- ex. Vandalism. ◦ C: Penalties from crimes  1. serve several functions.  Provide punishment  Protect society  Serve as a warning to others

 When settling a civil case the judge may suggest the two parties try and settle out of court, or go into mediation.  What is the difference between settlement, mediation, and arbitration.  Define the vocabulary words in your notes for ◦ Summons ◦ Complaint ◦ Discovery