1. Civics & Economics – Goals 5 & 6 Civil Cases

2. Civil Lawsuits
In civil cases the plaintiff- the party bringing a lawsuit- claims to have suffered a loss and usually seeks damages from the defendant who argues either the loss did not occur or that they are not responsible for it

3. Civil Lawsuits
Lawsuits may involve property disputes, breach of contract, or family matters; many deal with negligence, or personal injury due to someone’s carelessness

4. Bringing Suit: Steps of trial
First, someone must hire a lawyer who files a complaint with the court, it is a formal statement naming the plaintiff and defendant and describing the nature of the lawsuit
The court then sends the defendant a summons, a document that announces the defendant is being sued, and sets a date and time to appear in court

5. The Defendant’s Response
The defendant may respond to the charges by having his attorney file an “answer” to the complaint; the complaint and answer together are referred to as pleadings
Before a trial lawyers check facts and gather evidence by questioning the other party and witnesses, this process is called discovery

6. Pretrial Hearing
If a plaintiff and their lawyer decide the case looks weak they may want to drop the suit
If the defendant believes the plaintiff’s case is strong and they are likely to win they may offer them a settlement, in which the parties agree on an amount of money the defendant will pay the plaintiff

7. Pretrial Hearing
Another way to resolve disputes is by mediation, where each side is given the opportunity to explain their side to a mediator who helps them find a solution (third party, mediators offer a “non- legally binding” agreement)
They may also submit to arbitration, where a third party reviews the case and acts like a judge resolving the dispute (third party, arbitrators offer a “legally binding agreement)
Most civil cases are settled before trial because they are time-consuming and expensive and all sides are likely to prefer a settlement

8. Trial
If the parties do not settle, the case goes to trial; there may be a jury, or a judge who will hear the case alone; both sides present their cases
In criminal trials the prosecution must prove the defendant guilty “beyond a reasonable doubt”
In a civil case the plaintiff has to present only a “preponderance of evidence” enough to persuade the judge or jury the defendant was responsible for the incident

9. Trial
After all evidence has been presented the judge or jury will decide on a verdict, or decision in favor of one of the parties – “responsible or not responsible”
If the plaintiff wins, a remedy is set; if the defendant wins, the plaintiff gets nothing and must pay court costs for both sides of the lawsuit
If the losing side feels the judge made errors or some other injustice took place, it may appeal the verdict to a higher court

10. Civil Trials A Civil Action:

11. Civil Trials Erin Brokavich

12. Civil Trials kramer v kramer
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