1. Chapter 19

2. Laws: rules, enforced by governments 1.Need for Order 2.Protecting Safety and Property 3.Protecting Individual Freedoms 4.Promoting the Common Good Morals: beliefs about what is fair and what is right and wrong Civil Disobedience: breaking a law in a nonviolent way because it goes against personal morals

3. Laws Made by Legislatures Statutes: written laws made by legislatures Judges’ Decisions Common law: a body of law based on judges’ decisions Regulations by Government Agencies When Congress and state legislatures make statutes, they usually set very general requirements Government agencies then spell out how those requirements are met

4. Legal Code: a written collection of laws, often organized by subject Examples: Code of Hammurabi Justinian Code Draco’s Law Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts

5. Criminal Law: refers to the group of laws that tell which acts are crimes, how accused person should be tried in court, and how crimes should be punished Crimes: any behavior that is illegal because the government considers it harmful to society 1.Felony: a serious crime for which the penalty can be imprisonment for more than one year 2.Misdemeanor: a less serious crime for which the penalty is often a fine

6. Civil Law: group of laws that help settle disagreements between people