A FRICA 600 CE to 1450 CE

C ULTURE : N ORTH A FRICA Islam started in the Middle East; however it quickly becomes dominant religion in N. Africa by 661 Islam brought to Africa by Arab traders (Berbers) on trans-Saharan trade routes Islam came to Sub Saharan Africa shortly after that because of the Arab slave trade They traded glass, metals, and pottery to the south for slaves, salt, ivory, and animal skins

C ULTURE : S UB -S AHARA Mali Replaced gold-trading nation of Ghana (conquered by Muslims in 1076) Located in western Sub Sahara near Niger River Large amount of gold for trade (as well as salt, ivory and slaves) Famous city: Timbuktu ( famous for trade) Most powerful ruler was Mansa Musa who famously got Mali to convert to Islam creating better relations with the Arabs in N. Africa ( ) Famous work: Sundiata  tells the story of the founder of Mali, Sundiata (epic poem like Iliad)

R E M E M BER M ansa M usa the M uslim from M ali went to M ecca

C ULTURE : S UB -S AHARA A FRICA Storytelling  Oral Tradition Most famous is Sundiata from Mali Art  BASKETS and SCULPTURES

S OCIAL S TRUCTURES : S UB S AHARA A FRICA, Women tended to be 2 nd to men However highly valued for work in fields and producing heirs Respected for storytelling and educating youth Often matrilineal Meaning women inherited property Husband moves into wife’s house

P OLITICS : S UB S AHARA Kongo and Benin Most advanced civilizations Bantu descendents Great Zimbabwe Most important city ( ) Wealthy  GOLD AND DIAMONDS Traded with Persia and China Bantu descendents

E CONOMICS : E AST A FRICA The eastern coast of Africa near India became known as the Swahili Coast Indian Ocean Trade Network Sold slaves, ivory, gold, salt to places like India and China Ming Dynasty made several trips to Africa for trade Cities like Mogadishu, Mombasa, & Zanzibar mixed Arabs, Asians, Indians, and African culture Lots of Muslims Swahili became language that united all of the Eastern part of Africa Christianity became popular in Ethiopia

Q UESTION Analyze similarities and differences in the roles played by cities in TWO of the following places between 600 and Europe East Africa Mesoamerica and Andean America

Q UESTION Analyze similarities and differences between the rise of TWO empire West Africa (Mali or Ghana) Aztecs Mongols

Q UESTIONS The immediate cause of Ghana’s 11 th century downfall was A. environmental calamity B. the Crusades C. Muslim Conquest D. takeover by the Portuguese What did Swahili and Latin have in common during the period between 1000 and 1500? A. They were banned by conquering rulers eager to impose new languages B. They were the most widely used Indo European languages of the time C. They allowed communication between diverse populations D. They both died ou in favor of vernacular languages during these years Timbuktu was renowned for its A. Gold and role in opposing Arab slave trade B. salt reserves and Islamic Scholarship C. large harbor D. glass and ceramics