HS-140: Pharmacology Week 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Dr. Straub

Overview of Unit 5 Reading: Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders Chapter 27: Circulatory System Disorders Discussion Board Seminar Assignment Make sure to read all announcements for complete details on weekly requirements!

 Respiration: The process of exchanging oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).  Upper respiratory tract:  Nose  Pharynx  Larynx  Lower respiratory tract:  Trachea  Bronchial Tree  Lungs The Respiratory System

Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Antihistamines Antihistamines: block the H1 receptor sites, preventing histamine action during allergic rhinitis (see p of textbook). Drug tolerance may occur. 1 st Generation: sedating, short acting: chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2 nd Generation: non-sedating and much longer duration of action: Claritin Zyrtec Allegra

Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Decongestants  Decongestants reduce congestion by shrinking swollen mucous membranes of the nasal passage due to the common cold (see p of textbook).  Often combined with antihistamines.  Oral and nasal preparations are both available.

Asthma Medications  Virtual Field Trip: Virtual Field Trip:   Let’s discuss how asthma occurs and how asthma medications treat this condition.  Turn to p. 539 in the textbook. What combination is found in Advair Diskus?

Class Exercise 1: Working in a Medical Office  Turn to p. 155 in the Workbook.  As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.  To answer the questions, you may refer to of your textbook.

 Consists of heart, which pumps blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), through which blood flows.  Heart consists of four chambers. Overview of the Cardiovascular System

9 Heart Disease  There are several origins of heart disease.  In most cases, the heart needs to work harder to overcompensate for problems.  Example:  Patient has high blood pressure due to cholesterol build-up in the arteries.  Blood has difficulty passing through the arteries.  Heart increases contractions to facilitate blood flow, which causes additional problems.  Medications can either:  Decrease heart rate and contractions or  Target the cause of heart disease

10 ACE Inhibitors  Found on p. 571 of textbook.  Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.  Angiotensin II constricts the blood vessels, which elevates blood pressure and causes the heart to work harder.  Therefore, ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and heart rate.

11 Beta-Blocking Agents  Found on p. 569 of textbook.  Increase in heart rate occurs when:  Sympathetic neurons release norepinephine/adrenaline.  Norepinephine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart cells, which increases contractions.  Beta-blocking agents block beta- adrenergic receptors and decrease heart rate.

12 Calcium Channel Blockers  Found on p. 572 of textbook.  After norepinephrine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, calcium from outside of the heart cells enters the heart cells.  Calcium channel blockers prevent the entry of extracellular calcium ions into the heart cells.

Game: Which suffix is frequently used in the generic names of calcium channel blockers? 13 A. -olol B. -statin C. -ipineD. -pril

Game: What suffix is frequently used in the generic names of calcium channel blockers? 14 C. -ipine

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors  Found on p. 574 of textbook.  Prevent cholesterol plaques in the arteries.  Example of a lipid-lowering agent: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).

Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”? 16 A. Lipator B. Zitia C. ZecorD. Crestor

Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”? 17 D. Crestor

Class Exercise 2: Working in a Medical Office  Turn to p. 163 in the Workbook.  As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.

 Thank you for your attention and participation in the seminar!  Any questions?  I look forward to the rest of Unit 5. Please contact me with any questions throughout the week.