Things to do while you’re waiting for luck Thomas S. Krieshok University of Kansas

The human brain is not designed for happiness When we try to predict what will make us happy, we make errors Implications of this for career counseling Key Points:

Members of the A (Adaptability) Team over the years: Chris EbberweinMike BlackRobyn McKayRich Scott Melanie NobleSelby ConradShawn BubanyBrian Cole John JacobsonCraig BeesonKate SirridgeKristin Rasmussen Maggie SymeSarah BrownMary KrogmannMatt Robinson Dan CoxEric LycheJeff RettewRhea Owens Thomas MotlAbby BjornsenWendy ShoemakerMatt Davis Carrissa HuffmanKirsten WellsMichael RosenBenjamin Rutt Alex VuykAaron GatesBrittany StewartErik Clarke Craig WarlickMarlon BeachMichael TernesJamie Kratky

Not designed for happiness Humans not designed for Happiness, but Survival and Reproduction We always want just a bit more wealth, privilege, beauty, and youth Precursors to survival and reproductive likelihood The Hedonic Treadmill

Not designed for happiness The human mind as an experience simulator We are not so adept at predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotional reactions Affective Forecasting (Wilson & Gilbert)

Side Effects of human design 1. We overestimate our ability to get things done in the future 2. We underestimate our resourcefulness for dealing with obstacles 3. Consciousness only sees a movie about reality

Side Effects of human design Leads to Miswanting We think something will make us happier than it does...and based on faulty assumptions, We avoid things we expect will be difficult

Side Effects of human design So we want things we won't end up liking And we resist wanting things we would end up liking

Doing better but feeling worse (Iyengar, Wells, & Schwartz) College seniors: Maximizers vs. Satisficers Perceived value of possible outcomes influenced by: – Mis-predicted expectations during the decision process – Affect experienced during the decision process itself – Social values

Doing better but feeling worse (Iyengar, Wells, & Schwartz) Even when they get what they want Maximizers may not want what they get

Human Design Issues The brain is part of the problem Areas for Wanting ≠ Areas for Liking

Human Design Issues Amalgam of brain systems Cobbled together over time To adapt to evolving environmental demands

System 1 and System 2 System 1: Intuitive, non-conscious mind -related to “older” functions of the brain System 2: Rational, often conscious mind -related to “newer” functions of the brain -especially language

Process & Content in Two cognitive Systems

System 1 and System 2 The Elephant and the Rider (Haidt) – The elephant - System 1 (Bargh’s ‘Wise Unconscious’) Makes most day to day decisions – The rider - System 2 Has some input, but not as much as we think Acts as an Interpreter Module (Gazzaniga) Fabricates reasons for behavior Makes errors in guessing those reasons

Wanting vs. Liking Liking depends more on System 1 and automaticity Wanting depends more on System 2 – Influenced by socialization, gender proscriptions,... – Subject to heuristics and errors

Wanting vs. Liking What do I want? is really: What would somebody like me want? What would/should somebody with my identity/self concept want? But identity is a socially constructed entity My story is ABOUT reality, not reality itself

There’s someone in my head, but it’s not me. Pink Floyd The heart has its reasons, that reason knows not of. Pascal

We’re Lawyers, Not Scientists We hold the belief we want to believe Then recruit anything we can to support it. Peter Ditto, UC Irvine

Mark Twain: It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that ain’t so that gets you into trouble.

Wanting ≠ Liking Implications for career counseling A particular issue for the matching model

Matching Model Self-knowledge – What do you want in your work? World of work knowledge – What's out there? True reasoning – Match the first to the second Match me to work that will bring me happiness

Matching Model What I really need to match to: – Is not what I WANT – But what I'd LIKE

Matching Model A better question: What kind of work will give me what I Like? Figure out what you Like & Plan with that knowledge

Wanting is cheap Liking is expensive Wanting is cheap data – I can just make up what I want Liking is expensive data – I have to develop a history of likes across domains

Knowing my Likes Thomas Motl: Teasing out wanting & liking Beforehand: Do you think you will like it? While you are doing it: Do you like it? Tomorrow: Did you like it? Ask me on an interest inventory: – "Is this something you like?"

Knowing my Likes System 1: You have to put yourself in places where you have the opportunity To Like or To Not Like System 2: You have to pay attention to what happens AND you have to know that System 2 is subject to errors and distortions

Reason System 2, Rational System, Reflective System. Intuition System 1, Experiential System, Reflexive System. Engagement Activities that increase one ’ s fund of information and experience. Trilateral Model of Adaptive CDM

The Case for Engagement “… taking part in behaviors that contribute to the career decision-maker’s fund of information and experience.” Makes both Rational & Intuitive tools more informed and less naive

The Case for Engagement RationalityIntuition InformedInformed Rationality Informed Intuition NaiveNaive Rationality Naive Intuition

Examples of Occupational Engagement Studying abroad Being involved in organizations Talking to anyone at anytime about anything Volunteering Job shadowing Traveling Reading a section of the newspaper you normally don’t 31

Anti-Engagement Messages Students Hear Choose a major by the time you have 45 credit hours You already have a good paying summer job, don’t take an internship that pays less Study Abroad will only extend your time in college Your school work is your job, So don’t volunteer or get a part time job. Go take that test, it will tell you what to do. All you can do with a history degree is teach The most important thing is your grades 32

Our firmest conclusion: Be Engaged!!! – Better chance your intuition will be expert Be prepared! (always be engaged) – Ebberwein ’ s study of laid off workers 33

Implications for Career Counseling Career Counseling clients need convincing about all of this Hard Sells – Invest time and energy in learning your Likes – Move out of your comfort zone – Recognize your mind is something of a parasite

Implications for Career Counseling Integrate well-researched counseling interventions that address behavior change

Implications for Career Counseling Stages of change – I need to do the work to learn my likes – Where am I in that process?

Implications for Career Counseling Motivational Interviewing – I'm ambivalent about engaging in that hard work

Implications for Career Counseling Acceptance and Commitment Therapy – My thoughts (System 2) are subject to all manner of social influence – My thoughts are not reality – My thoughts have an agenda of their own, often not the same as my agenda for my life

Takeaway message Happiness research tells us: – Knowing what you like is hard – That makes matching more complicated – Career counselors can use behavior change tools to encourage engagement

Adaptability as the new GOLD Standard From Match-Making to Meaning-Making. Development is continually adapting to a changing environment – RATHER THAN an internal impetus to maturation

Things to do while you ’ re waiting for luck 1. Being a great student and worker is not enough – We need to be adaptive agents – With a healthy relationship to the marketplace. 2. Avoid choosing until you have developed your expertise – Differentiate Decidedness from Commitment 3. Don’t always trust what your thoughts are telling you. – Your thoughts are not your friends. – Rational explanations may be driven by other agendas

Things to do while you ’ re waiting for luck 4. Feed your intuition Engage your 11,000,000 bit processor Instead of your 20 bit processor 5. Consult with trusted others, especially on your strengths 6. Don ’ t spend too much time in self assessment

Things to do while you ’ re waiting for luck 7. Most of all, ENGAGE – Set yourself up for planned happenstance 8. Once (re)employed, STAY engaged 9. Choose Action over Decision (Savickas) 10. Lead a value-driven life – Instead of a quest for a pain-free life

So Dude, like, get out in the world and have some great experiences!