Objective 4.01A Measurement Systems US Customary System

Measurement is the process of determining the size, amount or extent of something. It objectively describes the physical qualities of an object.

It is also the practice of comparing qualities of an object to a standard.

There are 2 types of measurement: 1.Standard measurement Do not require close measurement 2.Precision measurement Requires close measurements

Standard Measurement: Standard measurement is widely used in the construction industry.

Precision Measurement: Precision measurement is widely used in the manufacturing industry.

The two measurement systems: US Customary System SI Metric System

The U.S. Customary system uses unique units for each quality being measured. The lack of uniform multiples can make the system confusing. It is based on units of measurement established during the Middle Ages in Europe.

U. S. Customary system basic units of measurement Length is the inch Weight is the pound Area is square feet Volume is the quart Temperature is degrees Fahrenheit Energy is BTU Power is horsepower and watts

U.S. Customary measurement for Length 12 inches=1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 1,760 yards = 1 mile 5,280 feet = 1 mile

U. S. Customary measurement for Weight 16 ounces = 1 pound 2,000 pounds = 1 ton

U.S. Customary measurement for Volume 8 ounces = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pint (16 ounces) 2 pints = 1 quart (32 ounces) 4 quarts = 1 gallon (128 ounces)

Note!!!!!!! Ounces (oz.) are used in both weight and volume

U. S. Customary measurement for Temperature: Fahrenheit ( 0 F) freezing point of water = 32 0 F boiling point of water = F F between boiling/freezing The appropriate term for the absolute temperature scale is Rankine

Objective 4.01B SI Metric System

The metric system was established in France.

Metric Prefixes “There is a logical progression from smaller units to larger ones, since all sizes of units are based on ten.” (R3 p.119) Technology Systems

The Base Units of the Metric system are: Length = meter Weight = gram Volume = liter Temperature = degrees Celsius ( 0 C) Energy = Joules and calories

The metric system uses the same prefixes for all base units. kilo = x 1000 hecto = x 100 deka = x 10 deci = x.1 centi = x.01 milli = x.001

Metric Length Base unit is the meter 1000 millimeters = 1 meter 100 centimeters = 1 meter 1 kilometer = 1000 meters

Metric Volume Base unit is the cubic meter or liter 1000 cubic centimeters = 1 liter 1000 milliliter = 1 liter

Metric Weight Base unit is the gram 1 kilogram = 1000 grams 1 metric ton = 1000 kilograms

Temperature: Celsius ( 0 C) freezing point of water = 0 0 C boiling point of water = C C between boiling/freezing

Objective 4.01C Measurement Tools

Three common uses of measurement are finding: 1.linear dimensions 2.diameters 3.angles Each of these three features can be measured using standard or precision devices.

Linear Measurement The most common measurement device is the rule (1/16 in. and mm). You can also use a tape. Precision measurement is done with vernier calipers.

Rules are used to measure length, width, and thickness. The rule is the most common linear measurement device. standard 12 inch rule mechanical rule/scale drafter’s rule/scale architect rule/scale machinist’s rule/scale metric rule yard stick meter stick tape measure

Measuring diameter Measuring round material or parts. Rough measurement is done with hole gages or circle templates. Precision measurement is done with a micrometer.

Calipers Calipers are used to measure diameters and length on either the inside or outside of an object.

Micrometer Micrometers are used to measure the length, thickness or diameter of small objects in very precise increments, thousandths (0.001) of an inch.

Measuring angles Measurement of 90 0 angles are done with squares. Protractors may also be used for angles that a square will not measure

Squares Squares are used to measure or lay out Perpendicular Lines (lines at 90 degree angles). T-Square try square framing square combination square center square

Protractors Protractors are used to measure angles from 0 to 180 degrees. Many protractors can also be used to measure length along their straight edge.

Weight Scales Common bathroom scales Most sensitive scientific scales analog/digital manual or electronic Weight scales measure mass or weight

Calibrated Containers are used to measure volume. Cooks measure ingredients for recipes Scientists use calibrated containers to measure volume measuring spoons, measuring cups, and lab breakers are calibrated containers

Types of Measurement Tools 1.Direct –reading measurement tools 2.Indirect-reading measurement tools

Direct Reading measurement tools Measurement tools that an operator manipulates and reads.

Indirect Reading Measurement tools Example: Sensors gathering measurements and then displaying them on an output device.