1 Design for Environmental Impact Reduction

2 Activity-Based Costing Disassembly Assessment In any “detailed” assessment, uncertainty should be taken into account! In any “detailed” assessment, uncertainty should be taken into account!

3 Design Strategies The following strategies are identified in the US EPA Life- Cycle Design Guidance Manual (page 62): The following strategies are identified in the US EPA Life- Cycle Design Guidance Manual (page 62): Product system life extension Product system life extension Material life extension Material life extension Material selection Material selection Reduced material intensiveness Reduced material intensiveness Process management Process management Efficient distribution Efficient distribution Improved management practices Improved management practices

4 Optimization of Production Techniques Alternative production techniques Alternative production techniques Choose production techniques that require fewer harmful auxiliary substantives or additives (e.g., water-based instead of solvent-based painting) Choose production techniques that require fewer harmful auxiliary substantives or additives (e.g., water-based instead of solvent-based painting) Select production techniques which generate low emission (e.g., bending instead of welding, joining instead of soldering, counter-sink/cascade rinsing techniques for electroplating) Select production techniques which generate low emission (e.g., bending instead of welding, joining instead of soldering, counter-sink/cascade rinsing techniques for electroplating) Choose processes which make the most efficient use of materials, e.g., powdercoating instead of spray painting Choose processes which make the most efficient use of materials, e.g., powdercoating instead of spray painting Fewer production processes Fewer production processes Results in less energy consumption and potential waste Results in less energy consumption and potential waste Combine constituent functions in one component so that fewer processes are required Combine constituent functions in one component so that fewer processes are required Preferably use materials that do not require additional surface treatments Preferably use materials that do not require additional surface treatments Low/clean energy consumption Low/clean energy consumption Motivate the production department and suppliers to make their processes more energy efficient (e.g., process steam can be recycled for building heating purposes) Motivate the production department and suppliers to make their processes more energy efficient (e.g., process steam can be recycled for building heating purposes) Encourage them to use renewable energy sources, or at least fossil fuels with low impact (e.g., low sulphur coal, natural gas) Encourage them to use renewable energy sources, or at least fossil fuels with low impact (e.g., low sulphur coal, natural gas)