What is Biology? Biology

First Semester Second Semester

First Semester Six Units California State Standards Redlands Unified School District Scope and Sequence

Units One – Intro/Experimentation Two – Biochemistry Three – Cell Biology Four – Cell Energy Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration Five – Cellular Genetics Six – Human Genetics

Syllabus Introduction Material Notebook Evaluations/Grades Class Rules Contacts

Class Rules Enter quietly Raise hands to talk Respect others rights to speak No putdowns

Read Chapter One Media Center Chapter Outlines due with homework As you read the chapter, take notes

Please take out a piece of paper

Cornell Notes Name, Date, Class Type of notes Title Notes Draw lines to separate

Chapter One Section 1

Biology

The study of Life

Biology Why do we study life? Who cares?

Diversity

Disease

Technology

Agriculture

Preserve

Why do we study Biology? Diversity of life Research diseases Technology Agriculture Preserve

Life

Organism

Has Once had Characteristics of Life

What are organisms made up of?

Characteristics of Life One or more cells

Characteristics of Life Do they change over time?

Characteristics of Life Grows and develops

Characteristics of Life Where does life start from?

Characteristics of Life Reproduces

Characteristics of Life Describe what you see…

Characteristics of Life Describe what you see…

Characteristics of Life Describe what you see…

Characteristics of Life Displays organization

Characteristics of Life Displays organization

Characteristics of Life What is going to happen?

Characteristics of Life Stimuli

Characteristics of Life Stimuli

Characteristics of Life Snack time!

Characteristics of Life Energy

Characteristics of Life

Homeostasis

Characteristics of Life Adapts

Chapter 1 Section 2

The Nature of Science Science Theory Expands Challenges Questions Please read about these in your textbook and take notes as you read, Chapter Outline

Science A body of knowledge based on the study of nature

Body of Knowledge Biologists use specific methods when conducting research

Ask a question Observation vs. Inference

Ask a question Observation vs. Inference Observation – direct method of gathering information Inferences – logical conclusion based on what you know and what you have learned

Tests Conclusions are reached from evidence

Collecting Data Experiment Take readings or measurements Important Units Length – meters Weight – grams Time – seconds Volume – liters Temperature – degrees Celsius

Collecting Data Experiment Control group

Collecting Data Experiment Control group Experimental design Independent variables Dependent variables Constant

Dependent variable The independent variable is typically the variable representing the value being manipulated or changed and the dependent variable is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. For example concerning nutrition, the independent variable of daily vitamin C intake (how much vitamin C one consumes) can influence the dependent variable of life expectancy (the average age one attains). Over some period of time, scientists will control the vitamin C intake in a substantial group of people. One part of the group will be given a daily high dose of vitamin C, and the remainder will be given a placebo pill (so that they are unaware of not belonging to the first group) without vitamin C. The scientists will investigate if there is any statistically significant difference in the life span of the people who took the high dose and those who took the placebo (no dose). The goal is to see if the independent variable of high vitamin C dosage has a correlation with the dependent variable of people's life span. The designation independent/dependent is clear in this case, because if a correlation is found, it cannot be that life span has influenced vitamin C intake, but an influence in the other direction is possible.

Dependent variable The independent variable is typically the variable representing the value being manipulated or changed and the dependent variable is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. For example concerning nutrition, the independent variable of daily vitamin C intake (how much vitamin C one consumes) can influence the dependent variable of life expectancy (the average age one attains). Over some period of time, scientists will control the vitamin C intake in a substantial group of people. One part of the group will be given a daily high dose of vitamin C, and the remainder will be given a placebo pill (so that they are unaware of not belonging to the first group) without vitamin C. The scientists will investigate if there is any statistically significant difference in the life span of the people who took the high dose and those who took the placebo (no dose). The goal is to see if the independent variable of high vitamin C dosage has a correlation with the dependent variable of people's life span. The designation independent/dependent is clear in this case, because if a correlation is found, it cannot be that life span has influenced vitamin C intake, but an influence in the other direction is possible.

Independent variable X - axis

Scientific method Form a hypothesis Collect Data Analyze the data Report conclusions

Theory Explanation of a natural phenomenon based on many observations and investigations over time. Explanation for a wide range of observations supported by data.

Who’s hungry? What should we do? Let’s bake a cake…

Lets bake a cake! What’s the first step? What do we do next? When are we finished?

Scientific method Form a hypothesis A question to be researched. A testable possible explanation. If accepted after testing, then becomes theory What happened to Pluto?

Lab Write-ups I Purpose: II Materials: III Procedure: IV Data/Observations: V Results/Calculations: VI Questions: VII Discussion: VIII Conclusion: (Answer the purpose)