1. My expectations about notes
You are expected to take some type of notes during lectures.
If the lectures weren’t important I wouldn’t be talking in front of you wasting our time.
Writing information down helps write that information into your long term memory.

2. My lectures/notes My lectures are outline format based.
They typically follow the book’s sequence of information.
I allow you to get the material down, and then I try to add in examples and other ways to think about the material.
This means you will probably have to write down more than is typed on these slides.

3. How to take notes
Everyone has their own method for taking notes in school
You are free to take whatever style of notes that suits you best.
Everyone is expected take the notes. “Just listening” is not acceptable.
Possible formats for notes
Outline format
Cornell style
Chronological
Print them off the computer.

4. Styles of notes Outline Format Cornell Style Chronological
Writing down in order of what I say/show, when I say/show the comment.

5. Why should I take notes?
You will not remember everything that I say in this class once you walk out those doors.
My notes are based directly off of my test. I write the exam first, and then the notes second.
An average individual only remembers 20% of what they hear or read.
In order to have information be put into long-term memory, the brain must process the information at least six times.
Seeing the presentation, hearing me lecture, and taking notes are only 3. We are both responsible for the other 3 times.

6. Are notes required? I will randomly take a grade on notes.
They will be graded for completeness.
As a student, you are responsible for taking detailed notes.
This is a skill that will help you in whatever job/career you have after school.
Examples) Meetings, sales calls, interviews, and inventory.

7. Chapter 1: The science of biology
James Kelley
East High School

8. Section 1: What is science?

9. What is science
_______is a body of knowledge based on the study of __________.
Science is based on ________.
Inquiry is the development of theories based on __________observations and experiments.

10. Observation vs. Inference
Observations are gathering information in an orderly way.
______________
Inferences are drawing logical conclusions based off of what you have learned.
You create _________based off of _________.

11. Scientists Are…
Curious
Honest
Open-minded
Skeptical

12. Section 2: How scientists work

13. Ask a question
A majority of all science simply starts by asking a question.
This question is typically based off of an _________that was made.

14. Method of science
All biologists use similar methods in order to gather information and answer questions.
This is called the _______________
This method has 5 steps.

15. 1. ___________ What question are you attempting to answer?
What is the goal of your experiment?

16. 2. __________________ Hypothesis- a ________explanation of a situation
- an educated guess
What do you think is going to happen? Why?

17. 3. __________________
Experiment- investigating something in a _______ setting to test a hypothesis.
How can I prove my hypothesis?

18. Creating the experiment
There are 2 different groups:
__________Group
This is the group that we use to compare.
_____________Group
This is the group that is getting the “change”

19. variables ______________- this is the factor being ____
______________: This changes the _______ variable.
Constant: stays the same for both groups.

20. 4. __________________ Was my hypothesis right?
Did this test the right thing?

21. 5. ________________
Report the findings of the experiment, and reflect back on the experiment.

22. Expands scientific knowledge
The search for new knowledge is the driving force that moves science forward.
______________is a claim that appears scientific, but turns out to not be.
Ex) _____________

23. Challenges accepted theories
Scientists welcome debate about one another’s ideas.
Sciences advance by accommodating new information as it is discovered.

24. Questions Results
Observations or data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding are of interest to scientists.
Ex) How cancer can be prevented. Why is this organism so much different than this other one?

25. Undergoes peer review
Peer review is the process of evaluating an experiment by another scientist.
Redi’s Spontaneous Generation
More often than not this happens before an experiment is published/released.

26. Theories
A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time.
Plate tectonics
Gravity
Law of Motion

27. Scenario

28. Scenario results

29. Section 3: Studying Life

30. Biology is…
the study of ________________ and their processes.
Latin breakdown:
BIO- “_______”
LOGY- “____________”

31. SO what does that mean?
Based off of that definition we get two big questions.
1) _________________?
2) What do we consider __________ and why?
What do biologists do?
Study the diversity of life, research diseases, develop technologies, improve agriculture, preserve the environment, and many more things.

32. How do we define the word alive?

33. What do these definitions have in common?

34. 8 characteristics of life
A living organism is something that has, or once had, all of these characteristics

35. 1. Made of one or more cells
All organisms are made of one or more cells.

36. 2. Reproduce
Organisms reproduce and pass on _______from one generation to the next.

37. 3. Based on a genetic Code
____is the genetic code that determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth.

38. 4. Grows and develops
Organisms _________(grow), and different abilities (__________).
Example) A bullfrog tadpole grows and develops into an adult bullfrog.

39. 5. Requires energy
Energy is required for all life processes.

40. 6. Responds to stimuli Reacts to _________________ stimuli.
Stimuli- a change in the internal or external environment
Example: a cheetah responds to the need of food (________), and the gazelle runs away from the cheetah (________________).

41. 7. Maintains ______________
All organisms keep internal conditions stable.
Homeostasis- Latin breakdown
Homeo- same
Stasis- state

42. 8. Adaptation - change over time
Adaptations are ____________changes that occur over time.

43. Review
In order to be considered “alive”, the organisms must have had all of those characteristics.

44. Section 4: Tools and Procedures

45. Biology uses the metric system
The metric system makes sure that all measurements can be ____________ when the experiment is performed again.
Metric system is an international language of ________________

46. Basic units Mass - _______ _______ - liters _______- meters
Time - __________

47. Increments
Kangaroos hop down mountains drinking chocolate milk.

49. Microscopes
_____________ – allow light to pass through the specimen and magnified using lenses to form an image

50. Microscope cont.
_____________ – focuses beams of electrons on specimen
Can “see” 1000X smaller than light microscope