1. Chapter 1 The Study of Life
1.1 Introduction to Biology

2. Biology is the study of life
There are many different types of living things; many (or most) haven’t been discovered yet.
In Biology you will study the features of living things and how they work.
In Biology you will study the interactions of living things with each other and the nonliving world.

3. What Biologist Do Study the diversity of life Research disease
Develop technologies
Improve agriculture
Preserve the environment

4. Characteristics of Living Things
Alive or not?

5. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All living things are composed of one or more cells containing DNA (the hereditary material) that function in an organized way.

6. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things display organization.
Atoms form molecules, groups of molecules form cells, cells form tissues, different tissues working together form organs, organs working together form organ systems and organ systems working together to support an organism.
Structure fits function is a major theme in biology.

7. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things grow and develop.
Growth is the addition of mass while development is the process of changes that occur throughout the life of an organism.

8. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things reproduce.
Organisms reproduce and pass along traits from one generation to the next. For a species to continue to exist, reproduction must occur.
Reproduction can be asexual or sexual.

9. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things respond to stimuli.
All organisms live in constant interface with environment: air, water, weather, temperature, other organisms…
Stimulus: condition in the environment that causes an organism to adjust
Response: reaction to a stimulus

10. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things maintain homeostasis.
Many responses organisms make are internal regulations make to maintain a “steady state”
Homeostasis: maintaining steady state, takes energy.

11. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things require energy.
Energy is the ability to do work and is required for all life processes.
Organisms get energy from food.
Plants, some Protists, and some bacteria make their own food in process of photosynthesis (producers).
Animals, fungi, some Protists and some bacteria need to consume food (consumers).

12. Characteristics of Living Things
In living things adaptations evolve over time.
Adaptation are inherited changes that occur over time to enable an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive IN AN ENVIRONMENT.

13. Characteristics of Living Things
Gradual accumulation of adaptations over time is EVOLUTION
Fourth marking period we study evolution and find that some organisms evolve slowly (horse) while others evolve within our lifetime (bacteria).

14. Chapter 1 The Study of Life
1.2 The Nature of Science

15. What is Science?
Science is the body of knowledge based on the study of nature.
Relies on evidence
Expands scientific knowledge
Challenges accepted theories
Questions results
Tests claims
Undergoes peer reviews
Uses the metric system

16. International System of Units (SI)
Length- meter
Mass- gram
Volume- liter
Temperature-Celsius
Common Prefixes
Kilo 1000
Centi 100
Milli (1/1000)

17. Science in Everyday Life
Every person needs to be scientifically literate. A scientifically literate person combines a basic understanding of science and its processes with reasoning and thinking skills.

18. Science in Everyday Life
Ethics: moral principles and values held by humans.
Society as a whole must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries.
Science only answers questions.
Society judges the worth: good, bad, or neutral.

19. Kinds of Research Quantitative Controlled experiments
Uses counts or measures
Display data as tables and graphs
Use SI units
Descriptive
not always controlled
use observational data

20. Chapter 1 The Study of Life
1.3 Methods of Science

21. The Scientific Method
Scientific Method is the common process (or steps) scientists use to answer questions or identify problems to solve.
Also called the Scientific Process
Words may be different, steps may be broken up differently but it is the same process in the same order.

22. Ask a Question 1. Observation Basis for all scientific investigation
Use all your senses within reason, be cautious with touch, smell and taste
Observation is the Number One thing high school student fail to do.

23. Form a Hypothesis 2. Hypothesis Prediction: what will happen
Hypothesis: what will happen and why it will happen (the reason behind the prediction)
Must be testable
Not a random guess because it is based on background information

24. Collect the Data 3. Experimenting: Collecting Data
Good experiments contain two groups
Control group: standard used for comparison “do nothing group”
Experimental group: one change from the control group

25. The Scientific Method Designing an experiment
Independent variable: condition that is changed
Dependent variable: the result of change to the independent variable
Data: information about an experiment, both numerical and verbal (picture)
Dependent
Independent

26. Analyze the Data 4. Analyzing data:
Ask the question, “Has my hypothesis been supported?”, or “More data needed?”, or “Are different procedures needed?”
Data is analyzed in tables and graphs to make it easier to see patterns.

27. The Scientific Method 5. Report conclusions Sometimes publishing
Many, many scientific journals
Reporting allows results to be verified by other scientists and gives more support for the hypothesis

28. Scientific Theory Forming a theory
Scientific theory is supported by many different separate observations and experiments over long periods of time by many scientists.
Example: The Cell Theory
Laws are facts of nature or principles known to be true like gravity.