Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis The Basics…

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Energy needs of life  Animals are energy consumers  Aka Heterotrophs  What do we need energy for?  synthesis (building for growth)  reproduction  active transport  movement  temperature control (making heat)

ATP What is energy in biology? Whoa! HOT stuff! Adenosine TriPhosphate

Harvesting energy stored in food  Cellular respiration  breaking down food to produce ATP  in mitochondria  using oxygen  “aerobic” respiration  usually digesting glucose  but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 ATP6CO 2 6H 2 O  + ++ glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water dioxide O2O2 food ATP

Cellular Respiration glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron transport chain H2OH2O O2O2

What goes in…(reactants)  O 2 (oxygen)  Food (glucose) What comes out…(products) CO 2 H2OH2O and ATP!!!

Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

Can’t store ATP  too unstable  only used in cell that produces it  only short term energy storage  carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Using ATP to do work? A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second ATP ADP work Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Adenosine DiPhosphate Adenosine TriPhosphate

What if oxygen is missing?  No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration  Anaerobic respiration  also known as fermentation  alcohol fermentation  lactic acid fermentation  no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)  can only make very little ATP  large animals cannot survive O2O2 yeast bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration  Fermentation  alcohol fermentation  yeast  glucose  ATP + CO 2 + alcohol  make beer, wine, bread  lactic acid fermentation  bacteria, animals  glucose  ATP + lactic acid  bacteria make yogurt  animals feel muscle fatigue O2O2

Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air

Plants are energy producers  Like animals, plants need energy to live  unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy  Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY  animals are consumers (heterotroph)  plants are producers(autotroph)

H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air  Photosynthesis  2 separate processes  ENERGY building reactions  collect sun energy  use it to make ATP and NADPH  SUGAR building reactions  take the ATP and NADPH  use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O +

What do plants need to grow?  Where does it happen?  chloroplast  Fuels (reactants)  sunlight  carbon dioxide  water  The Helpers  Enzymes  Products  Glucose and O 2 H2OH2O sugars ATP enzymes CO 2 sun O2O2

Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Leaves Chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make ENERGY & SUGAR Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll CO 2 Chloroplast sun

 Chloroplasts  double membrane  stroma  fluid-filled interior  thylakoid sacs  grana stacks  Thylakoid membrane contains  chlorophyll molecules Increased surface area! Plant structure outer membrane inner membrane thylakoid granum stroma

Pigments of photosynthesis  Chlorophylls & other pigments  embedded in thylakoid membrane  arranged in a “photosystem”  collection of molecules

A Look at Light  The spectrum of color ROYGBIV

Light: absorption spectra  Photosynthesis gets energy by absorbing wavelengths of light  chlorophyll a  absorbs best in red & blue wavelengths & least in green  accessory pigments with different structures absorb light of different wavelengths  chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls Why are plants green?

How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa? glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP

H2OH2O Another view… Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun organic molecules food O2O2 CO 2 producers, autotrophs consumers, heterotrophs synthesis capture light energy digestion release chemical energy ATP waste