HISTORICAL EXPERIMENTAL EVENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Revised June 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

HISTORICAL EXPERIMENTAL EVENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Revised June 2010

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK DEVELOPED THE MICROSCOPE AND OBSERVED MICROOGANISMS 1670s

Gregor Mendel FORMULATED BASIC LAWS OF HEREDITY THROUGH EXPERIMENTS WITH PLANTS 1866

JOHAN FRIEDRICK MIESCHER ISOLATED DNA FROM NUCLEI OF A WHITE BLOOD CELL 1869

ROBERT KOCK PROVED MICROORGANISMS CAUSE DISEASE 1893

THOMAS MORGAN PROVED GENES ARE CARRIED ON CHROMOSOMES PHRASE “BIOTECHNOLOGY” WAS COINED 1910

ROUS DISCOVERED 1 ST CANCER-CAUSING VIRUS

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN RESEARCH CONTRIBUTED TO KNOWLEDGE OF X & Y CHROMOSOMES EARLY 1900 s

ALEXANDER FLEMING DISCOVERED PENICILLIN 1928

ERNST RUSKA BUILT 1 ST ELECTRON MICROSCOPE 1932

Rosalind Franklin EARLY X-RAY PHOTOGRAPHS REVEALED A DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE

JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ON DNA STRUCTURE (DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE)

ARTHUR KORNBERG DISCOVERED DNA POLYMERASE & A METHOD OF DNA REPLICATION 1956

PAUL BERG USED RESTRICTION ENZYMES TO CUT & PASTE SECTIONS OF DNA 1972

COHEN & BOYER 1 ST SUCCESSFUL RECOMBINANT DNA EXPERIMENT WITH BACTERIAL GENES “GENETIC ENGINEERING” EVOLVED 1973 – 1 ST PATEND FOR GENE CLONING

ROBERT SWANSON STARTED GENETECH COMPANY GENETICALLY ENGINEERED INSULIN, “HUMULIN” WAS PRODUCED

BIOGEN PRODUCED INTRFERON THROUGH RECOMBINANT DNA

BARBARA McCLINTOCK STUDIED GENETICS OF CORN AWARED NOBEL PRIZE 1983

BISHOP & VARMUS RESEARCHED & IDENTIFIED ONCOGENES (1982 – 1989)

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 1988 MASSIVE EFFORT TO MAP & SEQUENCE THE COMPLETE HUMAN GENETIC CODE

AMGEN DEVELOPS NEUPOGEN USE TO TREAT LOW WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT DURING CHEMOTHERAPY

GENETICS INSTITUTE DEVELOPED 1 ST GENETICALLY ENGINEERED BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR

FDA DECLARES GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD SAFE AND DOESN’T REQUIRE SPECIAL REGULATIONS

KARY MULLIS DEVELOPED PCR, DNA SEQUENCING & DNA FINGERPRINTING

CALGEN PRODUCED THE 1 ST GENETICALLY ENGINEERED TOMATO IT IS RESISTANT TO ROTTING

LINUS PAULING DESCRIBED SICKLE CELL ANEMIA GREAT CHEMIST OF 20 TH CENTURY

IAN WILMUT 1997 CLONED A SHEEP FROM AN ADULT SHEEP DNA

CELERA GENOMICS HUMAN GENOME PROJECT COMPLETES DRAFT OF DNA MAPPING

21 ST CENTURY BIOTECHNOLOGY IS CENTERED IN: BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY PHYSICS

BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES TODAY: CELL & TISSUE TECHNIQUES DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES GENETIC ENGINEERING