1. Biotechnology

2.  Write down at least five terms that come to mind when you think “Biotechnology.”

3.  Define Biotechnology  Identify the domains of Biotechnology  List activities associated with those domains  Describe how the Biotechnology Industry has changed over time

4.  Biotechnology- The study and manipulation of living things for the purpose of making products that benefit society

5.  Watch the video  Write down as many biotech products/innovatio ns as you see in the video clip  Invisible Revolution Video Invisible Revolution Video

6.  Four major domains ◦ Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology ◦ Medical/Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◦ Agricultural Biotechnology ◦ Diagnostic Research Biotechnology

7.  Fermented foods and beverages  Genetically engineered proteins for industry  Biosensors, bioterrorism, biodefense

8.  Medicines from plants, animals, fungi  Vaccine and gene therapy  Prosthetics-artificial or engineered organs and tissues  Designer drugs and antibodies

9.  Breeding of livestock and plant crops  Transgenic plants and animals  Production of plant fibers-biofuels, textiles  Pharmaceuticals in genetically engineered plant crops

10.  Genetic testing and screening  DNA identification and DNA fingerprinting, forensics  Screening for diseases  Nanotechnology

11.  Evidence of Biotechnology is observed as early as 2000 BCE  Next couple of slides illustrate key discoveries in Biotechnology

12. 2000 B.C.E. Biotechnology used to leaven bread and ferment beer, using yeast (Egypt). Production of cheese, fermentation of wine begins (Sumeria, China, Egypt).

13. 1797 First vaccination Edward Jenner takes pus from a cowpox lesion, inserts it into an incision on a boy's arm.

14. 1857 Louis Pasteur proposes that microbes cause fermentation. He later conducts experiments that support the germ theory of disease.

15. 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic penicillin by chance when he realizes that Penicillium mold kills bacteria. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey.

16. 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick describe the double helical structure of DNA.

17. 1958 ● DNA is made in a test tube for the first time. ● Sickle cell disease is shown to occur due to a change in one amino acid.

18. 1966 The genetic code for DNA is cracked. Three scientists shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. Marshall Nirenberg Robert Holley Har Gobind Khorana

19. 1973 Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer perfect genetic engineering techniques to cut and paste DNA using restriction enzymes. (1977 sees the first expression of a human gene in bacteria.) Stanley Cohen Herbert Boyer and a recombinant bacterium

20. 1983 The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, which makes unlimited copies of genes and gene fragments, is conceived. Kary Mullis, who was born in Lenoir, N.C., wins the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery. He became interested in science as a child when he received a chemistry set for Christmas.

21. 1987 First approval for field tests of a genetically modified food plant: virus-resistant tomatoes. 1994 Genetically modified tomatoes are sold in the U.S. for the first time.

22. 2006 A recombinant vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) receives FDA approval. The virus causes genital warts and can cause cervical cancer.

24.  Cheese-making- ◦ Originally achieved by letting naturally occurring bacteria turn the milk sour ◦ Have you ever left milk too long in the refrigerator? ◦ Describe observations you have made about sour milk on your note-taker;

25.  Milk bacteria have enzymes that convert the sugar lactose to lactic acid.  Lactic acid has an acidic pH (below pH 7)  At low pH, the milk protein, casein, breaks down  Proteases found in the bacteria, also, act like scissors and cut the casein into smaller fragments  The broken down casein forms solids observed in sour milk

26.  These solids are curds  Curds are pressed together to form cheese Curds from sour milk

27.  Read through the introduction and procedure  Create a flow chart of what you are going to do in lab tomorrow