Development The changes we go through during our lifetime Physical, Social, Cognitive, Emotional, Moral

Cognitive Development

Jean Piaget ● Children are "little scientists" testing out their world and forming understandings. ● Schemas (video: * Replay starting at 48 seconds) Schemas * Schemas are “mental representations of the world.” Example: everything that has fur, a tail and four legs is a puppy. ● Assimilation - Understand something new by fitting it into one of our existing schemas. Example: We see a bunny and call it a puppy. ● Accommodation - We change our schema to fit the characteristics of a new object. Example: Bunnys have long ears - not a puppy.

Children's Schemas in Use

Object Permanence ● Things continue to exist even if they cannot be seen or touched. …How it develops: ● 0-6 Months – It’s about the “Here and Now” ● 7-12 Months - Understands the object still exists even though they cannot see it. ● Months - Searches where you last put it. ● Months - Can begin to understand being fooled.

Sensorimotor Stage (Stage 1)

Conservation ● The concept that given quantity does not change even though the appearance changes. Examples o Water in different size containers o Sticks in different positions o Clay in a ball or rolled out o Coins close together or spread apart

Pre-operational Stage (Stage 2)

Egocentrism ● Seeing the world from your own standpoint and having trouble understanding someone else's perspective. Pre-operational Stage (Stage 2)

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development ● Sensorimotor - Birth to 2 years - Simple motor responses to sensory stimuli, no object permanence. ● Pre-operational years - Lacks operations, egocentric, no conservation, uses symbols. ● Concrete Operations years - Understands conservation, trouble with abstract ideas ("what if no one had thumbs"), classification improves, masters conservation. ● Formal Operations - 11 years onward - Understands abstract ideas and hypothetical situations; can use logic and deductive reasoning. ● PIAGET PREZI PIAGET PREZI

Concrete Operational - Deductive Reasoning (Stage 3)

Concrete Operational – Reversibility (Stage 3)

“Formal Operations” Abstract Task Examples ● How would the world be different if humans only had one leg? ● Many math concepts are abstract - the idea of the variable "x" that can represent any number.

Formal Operational (Stage 4)

Piaget Stages "Quiz" ● Work with a partner to develop a toy appropriate for your age level. ● You will share your idea and explain why a child that age would like it based on Piaget's research.

Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg ● Kohlberg devised a cognitive theory about the development of children’s moral reasoning. ● Kohlberg presented a dilemma for children to reason about. * Not concerned whether children chose if scenario was right or wrong but … * …but rather, WHY children chose right or wrong LOST: Ab Aeterno example: (start at 42:00 – 36:28 42:02 if started at beginning = 11:30 ) *Was Richardo morally correct in stealing medicine? * What stage of Kohlberg’s theory does your answer place you? (Book, chart on page 298)