Chapter 2 Lesson 3

 Explain the conditions that helped make towns successful  Describe the social and economic changes that resulted from the growth of cities

 Division of labor – work according to your abilities  Merchant – people who sell goods they bought from traders  Social class – a group that has a specific level of importance in a society  Government – an organized system of leaders and laws  Urban – relating to city or cities  Taxation – a system in which people pay taxes to support a government

 Success at farming or trading allowed many early villages, such as Jericho, to grow into towns  These villages could support up to a few thousand people  Quick facts about Jericho: surrounded by a wall, people respected the dead, valued religion and lived in beehive- shaped huts

 Catal Huyuk and Jericho were alike in many ways – both located near water supply and important trade routes  Catal Huyuk was also different in many ways  Example: architecture consisted of small, multi roomed houses that people entered from the roof! See page 68 in textbook

 A new division of labor began in towns, which led to the development of social classes and beginning of government  Rulers, priests, and other important leaders and their families usually made up the highest social class

 Early civilizations arose from cities in Mesopotamia and Egypt in about 3100 BC  They covered larger areas than cities and had larger buildings and temples  They usually had a central government and developed some form of writing

 Improvements in agriculture allowed some farming villages to grow into towns, then cities, and eventually civilizations  These changes happened over thousands of years  Social and economic changes took place at each step  As civilizations developed, technology and communication advanced rapidly