Bell Ringer What causes Insecure attachment?

Chapter 3 Life Span Development

Terms Socialization – The process by which children learn the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations required of them by their society or culture. Contact Comfort – In primates, the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; it is the basis of an infant’s first attachment. Separation Anxiety – The distress that most children develop, at about 6 to 8 months of age, when their primary caregivers temporarily leave them with others.

Terms Telegraphic Speech – A child’s first word combinations, which omit (as a telegram did) unnecessary words. Language Acquisition Device – According to many psycholinguists, an innate mental module that allows young children to develop language if they are exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation.

Conception to year one Cognitive development Learning to be good Gender development Adolescence Adulthood The wellsprings of resilience Overview

Prenatal Development Conception 30 Hours 6 weeks 4 months

Agents That Cross The Placenta - German measles - X-rays and other radiation - Sexually transmitted diseases - Cigarette smoking - Alcohol and other drugs

Physical Abilities of a Newborn Newborn reflexes (page 78) Rooting Sucking Swallowing Moro (“startle”) Babinski Grasping Stepping

Culture and Maturation Many aspects of development depend on customs Baby’s ability to sleep alone Recommendation to have babies sleep on their back has caused many babies to skip crawling.

Attachment A deep emotional bond that an infant develops with its 1primary caretaker Contact comfort In primates, the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact The basis of the infant’s first attachment

Attachment Tested using strange situation A parent-infant “separation and reunion” procedure that is staged in a laboratory to test the security of a child’s attachment

Attachment Secure A parent-infant relationship in which the baby is secure when the parent is present, distressed by separation, and delighted by reunion. Insecure A parent-infant relationship in which the baby clings to the parent, cries at separation, and reacts with anger or apathy to reunion.

What Causes Insecure Attachment? Abandonment and deprivation in the first two years of life. Parenting that is abusive, neglectful, or erratic. Child’s genetically influenced temperament. Stressful circumstances in the family.

1. How many hours per day does baby “106” spend with the cloth “mother”? 2. Where does baby “106” run to when scared? 3. Is love and comfort something that is learned? 4. What do you think of Dr. Harlow’s experiment? Harlow’s Attachment Video Copy and Answer these questions in your notebook.

Language Development Acquisition of speech begins in the first few months. Infants are responsive to pitch, intensity, and sound. By 4-6 months of age children can recognize their names and repetitive words. By 6-12 months they become familiar with sentence structure, start babbling.

Language Development By 11 months, infants use symbolic gestures. About 12 months, infants use words to label objects months, toddlers combine 2-3 words into telegraphic speech.

Innate Capacity for Language Language too complex to be learned bit by bit Sentences have surface and deep structures. Surface structure: the way a sentence is spoken Deep structure: how a sentence is to be understood To transform surface sentence structures into deep ones, children must apply rules of grammar.

Language Acquisition Device If we don’t teach syntax to toddlers, the brain must contain a language acquisition device. An innate module that allows young children to develop language if they are exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation Children are born with universal grammar, a sensitivity to the core features common to all languages. Nouns and verbs, subjects and objects, negatives

Evidence for Learning and Language Children learn the probability that any given word or syllable will follow another. Parents respond to children’s errors by restating or elaborating the phrase. Children imitate these adult recasts and expansions.

Evidence for Learning and Language Two adaptive processes Assimilation: absorbing new information into existing cognitive structures Accommodation: modifying existing cognitive structures in response to new information According to Piaget, cognitive development consists of mental adaptations to new observations.

Language Acquisition Video 1.How does our ability to talk distinguish us on Earth? 2. What does Dr. Deb Roy do in order to discover how a child speaks? 3. How does a child’s language formation progress from an unintelligible babble? 4. How do parents assist their child in language acquisition?

Read pages and complete the “What’s Ahead” questions on page 81. For our next class find out from your parent(s) or guardian when you began to walk. Try to find out what month of life if possible. (11 months, 14 months and so on.) Homework