Unit 2 Notes: Nervous System Basics Tuesday 2-23-2010.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 2 Notes: Nervous System Basics Tuesday

(1) Function Respond to stimuli Process information Communicate Maintain homeostasis Basic Pathway: Sensory Input  Integrate & Process  Motor Output

(2) Structure Made of: –Brain –Spinal cord –Neurons –Junctions Has a complex organization (hierarchy) of sensory and motor levels.

(3) Brain & Spine Brain divided into lobes Spinal cord = communication highway All nerves communicate through Spine Example: Paralysis

(4) Neuron Neuron = Nerve Cell Types: Multipolar + Unipolar Basic Structural Components: –Dendrites (Incoming) –Cell Body (Integrate + Process) –Axon (Outgoing) –Myelin Sheath (Insulation + Speed) –Axon Terminal (Final Destination)

(5) Unipolar Neurons Use: Afferent Input (Sensory Input) Dendrites connected to sensory organ Message sent to cell body  Out Axon Message sent out of axon terminal FOCUS: –Get message to CNS –Let CNS process and decide (NO need to have cell body right by dendrites)

(6) Multipolar Neurons Use: Efferent Output (Motor Output) Multi = Lots of extensions coming from cell body Cell body directly connected to dendrites Dendrites coming from CNS / Efferent path  effected organ FOCUS: –Organize messages by importance –Make organs do things (Important to have cell body right next to dendrites)

(7) Junctions Junction = Meeting of Neuron + Neuron or Neuron + Organ –A.K.A.  Synapse, Synaptic Cleft Nerve Impulse  Axon  Axon Terminal  Release Neurotransmitter –Neurotransmitter = Chemical Message –Causes an effect –Binds with cell membrane on other side

(8) Nervous System Organization CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (SENSORY / AFFERENT INPUT) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (MOTOR / EFFERENT OUTPUT) BODY (INITIAL STIMULUS / IMBALANCE) AUTONOMIC (INVOLUNTARY) SOMATIC (VOLUNTARY) PARASYMPATHETIC (REST & DIGEST) SYMPATHETIC (FIGHT / FLIGHT)

(9) Sensory Input Afferent Input (away from body) Sends message from body part  Brain Initial stimulus or Imbalance

(10) Central Nervous System (CNS) INCLUDES: Brain & Spinal cord “Head Honcho” –Notified of everything, Makes all decisions

(11) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) “Middle Man” / Body Guard: Body—CNS –Helps organize messages being sent to CNS and to organs. 2 Divisions: –Sensory/Afferent Input –Motor/Efferent Output

(12) Motor / Efferent Output CNS  Effector Organ –CNS makes decision –CNS sends message to release chemical, or move –GOAL: –GOAL: Regain Balance / Do What You Want 2 Divisions: –Autonomic Nervous System –Somatic Nervous System

(13) Somatic Nervous System Voluntary Actions Skeletal Muscle (All other actions are involuntary)

(14) Autonomic Nervous System Involuntary Actions –Autonomic : Autopilot –Processes occur naturally without thought 2 Subdivisions: –Parasympathetic Pathway –Sympathetic Pathway

(15) Parasympathetic Pathway (Involuntary) “Rest & Digest” Normal bodily functions: –Digestion, Excretion –Lens Contraction, Blinking –Gas Exchange –Sleep

(16) Sympathetic Pathway (Involuntary) “Fight or Flight” Bodily Functions during heightened excitement: –Increased heart rate, respiration –Increased sweating –Increased blood flow