Rise of Rome Legend states that the city of Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus who were twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin princess. Actually founded by men who chose the spot for its great location and fertile soil Established in the first millennium B.C. on the plain of Latium

Who was in Rome? There were three groups who inhabited the region and would battle for control of Rome. Latins: who built the original settlement at Rome and considered to be the first Romans Greeks: had colonies along southern Italy and Sicily. They would have closer contact with Greek civilization Etruscans: settled north of Rome, adopted the alphabet from the Greeks before 600 B.C., declined by 480 B.C., and “civilized” Rome by turning it into a true city

Early Republic Executive authority or imperium was embodied in one man, the emperor and was held by consuls and praetors As Rome expands, it becomes Roman policy to govern provinces with proconsuls and propraetors Roman senate originally advised magistrates in legal matters Twelve tables was/were the firs formal codification of Roman law and customs

Early Republic Last King of Rome was a tyrant called Tarquin the Proud. He was a harsh tyrant Rome refused to ever have a tyrant again so they set up a republic. Republic is a form of government where the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. So began the patricians-the wealthy class and the plebeians-the working class. Roman plebians would withdrawal from the state which undercut their military power and formed popular assemblies to lobby for more reforms The paterfamilas in Rome was the male head of the house

Rome is Connected Rome dominates the Etruscans and the Greeks to take control and by 265 B.C. they were masters of nearly all of Italy. Conquered peoples/Allies became full citizens of Rome but could not vote. They also became allies of Rome Allies were not interfered by Rome but allies could not form any treaties with any other state. Allies must provide Rome with troops for war. This very relaxed relationship with Allies and conquered people helped Rome grow into a super power. Rome had to fight off the soldiers of King Pyrrhus, sent by the Greeks as well

Battle for Carthage and the Punic Wars Fought three wars between 264 and 146B.C. Carthage was in the way of Rome and their expansion and power of the Mediterranean Sea Carthage located on a peninsula on the North African Coast The Carthagians originated from Phoenician Tyre Cause of the First Punic War was that Rome sent an army to Sicily

First War of the Punic Wars First War was fought for control of the island of Sicily and the western Mediterranean Lasted for 23 years ( B.C.) After the first war Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Sicily and pay an indemnity to Rome Roman senator who led the fight was Cato

Battle of Cannae Romans suffered a defeat at the hands of Hannibal

2 nd War of the Punic Wars Rise of Hannibal a 29 year old Carthaginian who was a brilliant military leader Wanted revenge for their earlier defeat to the Romans Only assembled an Army of 50,000, a cavalry of 9,000 and throw in 60 elephants

Hannibal Continued Hannibal’s goal was to siege Rome with a surprise attack by traveling through Spain, the French alps and eventually down to Rome Lost half of his men and most of his elephants, but managed to fight up and down the Italy coast for a decade, but never took Rome Rome would answer Hannibal with their own attack which will lead us to the third and final war of the Punic Wars

Third and Final War of the Punic Wars Rome matches Hannibal with their own military leader whose name was Scipio Scipio wanted to siege Carthage, this would force Hannibal out of Italy and back to Carthage Rome finally sieges Carthage in 146B.C., the city was set afire and the 50,000 inhabitants were now slaves of Rome Rome had expanded their empire, and now controlled Carthage. Huge empire that would be difficult to control Complete destruction of Carthage Roman expansion characterized by military threats and possibilities for glory

Roman Religion and daily life Performance of rituals and festivals at the forefront Roman slaves worked on the Roman latifundia The paterfamilias could sell his children, put their child to death, arrange marriages for offspring, divorce their wife