ANIMATIONS!!! SEE Chapter 1-3 Prequiz on the Fort Bend website under Steinkamp, Resources, Powerpoints

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: TEN THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE

Biologists study life on many different scales of size and time.

It’s not what living things are made of it’s the special way they are put together!

Hierarchy of Biological Organization

Atomic Particles  Atoms  Precursor molecules (protons electrons)  (SPONCH)  (CO 2, NH 3, H 2 O, N 2 )  Metabolic Intermediates  Building Block Molecules  (pyruvate, citrate, malate)  (monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides)  Macromolecules  Supramolecular  Organelles  (DNA, proteins, lipids  (ribosomes,  (mitochondria, polysaccharides) microtubules, nucleus enzyme complexes) chloroplasts) Hierarchy of Biological Organization

 Cells  Tissues  Organs   (columnar)  (epithelial)  (small intestine)   Organ Systems  Organism   (digestive system)  (white tailed deer)  Populations  Communities  (all deer in Texas)  (all organisms in First Colony)  Ecosystems  Biomes 

Properties of Life: Order

Reproduction

Growth and Development

Energy Utilization

Response to the Environment

Homeostasis

Evolutionary Adaptation

Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic

Leeuwenhoek

Hooke

Schleiden & Schwann

Ten Themes of Biology

Hereditary Code of all living things is DNA

Structure-Function

Structure-Function Neurons

Structure-Function

Energy Flow and Energy Transformations Nutrients cycle

Regulation by Feedback Mechanisms

Diversity

Classifying Life

Domain Archaea Most ancient life forms, have a different DNA code and unusual tRNA’s and coenzymes; most live in extreme environments

Domain Bacteria all prokaryotes that are not Archaea

Prokaryotic --Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic—no membrane enclosed organelles

Eukaryotic—membrane enclosed organelles

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi

Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia

1. Kingdom Monera-all prokaryotes, includes domains bacteria & archaea Eukaryotes: 2. Kingdom Protista-mostly unicellular, few simple multicellular Multicellular, Eukaryotes: 3. Kingdom Plantae- autotrophs carry on photosynthesis Heterotrophs which are, Multicellular Eukaryotes 4. Kingdom Fungi- digest then absorb 5. Kingdom Animalia- ingest, digest, then absorb

Eukaryotic Cilia

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection

A product of Natural Selection

Galapagos Islands

Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection Overpopulation and thus competition within the species Variations-by chance, luck of the draw “Good variations”- depends on the environment Survival and increased reproduction Adaptation or species trait Evolution to prevent extinction

Observation and Measurement

Idealized Scientific Method

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Controlled experiment

Biotechnology: Producing hepatitis vaccine

“DNA evidence”

Are there any animals in this picture?

Why are Archaea and Bacteria placed in different Domains but in the same Kingdom? Why different Domains? –They use a different code for amino acids Why in the same Kingdom? –These two groups are the only organisms that lack internal membranes