1. Four Big Ideas Big Idea 1: the process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big Idea 2: biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big Idea 3: living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processess. Big Idea 4: biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

2. New Properties Emerge at Successive Levels of Biological Organization Atoms Simple Molecules Macro-molecules Organelle Cells Tissues Organ Organ System Organism Populations Community Ecosystems Biosphere

3. Structure and Function Correlation of structure and function –Example Leaf of a plant –The thin, flat shape maximizes the capture of sunlight by chloroplast.

4. Structure and Function Knowing the function of something provides insight into its structure and organization. –Example: Hummingbird’s body the unusual bone structure of a hummingbird’s wing allows the bird to rotate its wings in all directions, –Enabling it to fly backwards and to hover while it feeds.

5. The Cell An organism’s basic unit of structure and function. The cell is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all required activities of life.

6. Properties of Life Order Reproduction Growth and Development Energy utilization Response to the environment Homeostasis Evolutionary adaptation

7. Life’s Processes Involve the Expression and Transmission of Genetic Infomation DNA Structure and Function –Double helix, monomers of nucleotides –4 bases: A, C, G, T –Genes –Chromosomes

8. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of Life Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

9. Three Domains of Life Domain Bacteria –Prokaryotes, multiple kingdoms

10. Three Domains of Life Domain Archaea –Prokaryotes, multiple kingdoms, –Live in extreme environments Salty lakes, boiling hot springs, swamps, sewage

11. Three Domains of Life Domain Eukarya –Eukaryotes, –Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

13. Evolution Descent with modification –Species have risen from succession of ancestors that differed from them. Natural Selection –Mechanism of evolution Individuals have variation in their traits. Populations produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own. –Creates Competition Species are generally suited to their environment.

14. Biological Inquiry Forming & Testing Hypotheses based on observations Making Observations –Careful and verifiable observation and analysis of data are the basis of scientific inquiry. –Involve ours senses and tools that extend our senses. –Data, both quantitative and qualitative, are recorded observations. –Using inductive reasoning, generalizations can often be drawn from collections of observations.

15. Biological Inquiry Forming & Testing Hypotheses based on observations Forming and Testing Hypotheses –Hypothesis is a tentative answer to a question or an explanation of observations, It leads to predictions that can be tested. –Deductive reasoning uses “if….then” logic to proceed from the general to the specific. From a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results if the general premise is correct.

16. Experimental Control Controlled experiment –Compare an experimental group with a control group. –They differ only in one factor. –Without the control group, the researches would not be able to rule out other factors as causes of the affect seen in the experiment.

17. Biological Inquiry Forming & Testing Hypotheses based on observations –In science, the ideal is to frame two or more alternative hypotheses and design experiments to test each candidate explanation. –A hypothesis cannot be proven true; the more attempts to falsify it that fail, however, the more a hypothesis gains credibility. Science seeks natural causes for natural phenomena; it does not address questions of the supernatural.

18. Biological Inquiry Forming & Testing Hypotheses based on observations Theories in Science –A theory is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates many specific hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence. –A theory can be modified or even rejected when results and new evidence no longer support it.