Questions G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and metaphase checkpoint 2.At the G1 checkpoint, the cell decides whether to divide or not. 3.When there is enough growth factors, cell division occurs. 4.Proteins ensure that the DNA has replicated properly and double check the cell size, to make sure that the cell is large enough to divide. 5.Proteins at metaphase verify that all chromosomes have attached themselves to microtubules so that cell division can proceed properly. 6.The cell may die. 7.When proteins that regulate cell division are unable to do their job, there is unregulated cell division and tumors are made. 8.A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA. 9.Mutations can be caused by carcinogens.

Questions Proto-oncogenes are genes that encode proteins which regulate the cell cycle. 2.Oncogenes are genes that encode proteins which regulate the cell cycle and are mutated. 3.Tumor suppressors are genes that carry the instructions for producing proteins that suppress or stop cell division if conditions are not favorable. 4.Angiogenesis is a process that causes some cancer cells to stimulate the growth of surrounding blood vessels. 5.Contact inhibition of normal cells stop them from dividing because they do not want to pile up on each other. 6.Anchorage dependence allows normal cells to stay in place to 70 times 8.The multiple hit model is the process of cancer development.

Questions A change in bowel or bladder habits; a sore that does not heal; unusual bleeding; lump; indigestion or difficulty swallowing; obvious change in wart or mole; nagging cough or hoarseness. 2.A biopsy is a surgical removal of cells, tissues, or fluid that will be analyzed to determine whether they are cancerous 3.They resemble cells found in the same tissue. 4.A needle biopsy is usually done if the cancer is located on or close to the surface of the patient's body. 5.A laparoscope has a small camera that project images from inside the body onto a monitor that a surgeon can see during surgery. 6.In chemotherapy, chemicals are injected into the bloodstream. 7.The rate of resistance is one cell per million billion cells 9.Hair follicles, cells that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and cells that line the intestines and stomach are often damaged or destroyed. 10.Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles to injure or destroy cells by damaging their DNA 11.To finish removal of a tumor after surgery OR to decrease the size of a tumor before surgery. 12.Remission occurs when the patient is no longer suffering negative impacts from cancer.