Use of ´Novum wheat´ in animal feeding Zalán VARGA Department for Agriculture October 29, 2015.

Background Important factor for Hungarian animal product producers: self-production of the feed (forage) material or have it produced geographically close Basic feed: soy-maize (~80-85% imported GM soy) To replace import GM soy, from 2015 Hungary provides extra support for domestic, GM-free soy production with expectation to triple the soy area by 2020 But an alternative feed grain is also needed (more and more drought periods→low maize yield) Ministry budget for development → „Support for agricultural research” Feed wheat in general: low quality and thus unsuitable for milling and for human food Novum wheat: nationally listed species hybrid, currently with one variety bred especially for animal feeding purpose

Briefly about Novum wheat I. Species hybrid: Triticum speltivum (Triticum spelta x Triticum aestivum), basically a thresable spelt Similarities with the spelt in everything regarding quality, as well as production technology Protein content: 18-25% (in dry matter) Variety used in the experintemt is a soft, winter type with 8-14 mm/h spreading → feed type Proper yield even in drought, no need for nutrient supply (NPK), quite tolerant to diseases

Briefly about Novum wheat II. Feeding indicators: Cost comparison (2010 Hungarian base prices): protein concentration28,0% nutrient rate1 : 3.20 starch rate1 : 2.50 net starch value650 common wheat 4 t/ha maize 6 t/ha soybean 2,50 t/ha Novum 4 t/ha First cost $/ha First cost $/t crude protein kg/ha crude protein $/kg

Conducted by NARIC-ÁTHK in , covered by „Support for agricultural research” Pork fattening (now a poultry experiment is in preparation) The goal was: − to fully replace soy protein − to compare with maize-soy diet − to examine difference between two different wheat types (feed vs. food wheat) Soy replacement was with 50% wheat partly Need for extra glucanase and xylanase enzymes in the second fattening phase has also been examined Experimental setup: − chemical analyses (nutriment and amino acid content) − three phased fattening experiment (Phase I: between days old age; phase II: between days old age; full phase: from 80 days old age until slaughter) The project (experiment)

Aestivum (control)Novum Dry matter88,0089,64 Crude protein13,6714,06 Digestable protein12,7513,85 Protein digestibility93,3098,50 Crude fat1,421,97 Crude fiber2,381,91 Digestable energy (MJ/kg)14,3714,89 Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)13,9814,47 Specification values (nutriment content)

Feed composition (%) Denomination Feed ControlExperimental Aest.NovumAest.Novum Maize45,00 Aestivum wheat25,00 50,00 Novum wheat 25,00 50,00 Extr.soy 46%23,50 Extr.sunflower 37% 28,00 Fat powder-40 17,00

Feed nutriment content (%) Denomination Feed ControlExperimental AestivumNovumAestivumNovum Dry matter88,00 Digestible energy, MJ/kg13,78 13,69 Crude protein17,6017,7017,5017,70 Crude fat2,492,638,078,35 Crude fiber2,622,517,477,23 Lysine0,950,96 0,97 Methionine0,37 Methionine+cystine0,69 Threonine0,670,640,67 Ca0,900,910,890,88 P0,630,620,730,72 Na0,16 A-vitamin, NE/kg10279 D 3 -vitamin, NE/kg2000 E-vitamin (alfa-tokoferol), mg/kg2121,31

Meat productivity Treatments→ Control Experimental AestivumNovumwheatAestivumNovumwheat Slaughter weight, kg111±4,4113,4±3,7112,2±4,1111±7109,4±3,7110,1±5,5 Meat%55,6±3,153,2±4,254,4±3,754,3±4,155,4±3,354,8±3,6

Feeding costs/porker (early 2013 prices) ControlExperimental Aest.NovumControlAest.NovumControl Phase I. Feeding cost, $/day Cost for 43 days Phase II. Feeding cost, $/day Cost for 54 days Cost for 97 days ControlExperimental Aest.NovumControlAest.NovumControl Phase I. Feeding cost, $/day Cost for 43 days Phase II. Feeding cost, $/day Cost for 54 days Cost for 97 days If extr. sunflower $0.25/kg If extr. sunflower $0.17/kg

Results Better specification values in Novum wheat The maize-soy diet (with 25% wheat) did not show better result than the feed with 50% wheat Feed intake was less regarding the Novum mixture (both in Phase I-II.) → better digestibility Novum mixture had nearly the same nutriment content as the soy-maize mixture (some components were a bit higher) According to the results, with 50% Novum wheat proportion, porkers can be fattened succesfully without any loss of efficiency In Phase II. there is no need for additional enzyme Because of the Novum’s higher energy content, animals consume less feed therefore feeding cost/porker can be lowered by $8.50 (or more)

Conclusions It would be practical to use real feed wheat instead of food wheat, because more advantageous production abilities, and more favourable nutriment- content. Because of the Novum’s higher energy content, animals consume less feed therefore the feeding cost can be lowered. (the cost comparison was made between the Novum and the food wheat, but comparing it to the soy-maize mixture cost, it is still a bit more favourable) The results can be applicable mainly for those who are able to produce the feed material for themselves. Important: the used Novum material was with very low quality compared with itself (late sowing, late harvest, got soaked, lodged). With average or high quality Novum wheat, feeding is more efficient.

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