1. Applied Poultry Nutrition M.E. Persia Iowa State University

2. What are Nutrients Used For?  Growth (also called production or productive)  Increase in size of bones, muscles, internal organs etc…  Preferential growth vital organs grow faster, followed by muscle tissue (Schmidt et al, 2012)

3. Discussion Question Why would a younger animal (smaller) be more efficient?

4. Utilization of Energy Gross Energy Digestible Energy Fecal Energy Metabolizable Energy Urinary Energy Net Energy Heat Increment Net Energy Production Net Energy Maintenance

5. Poultry Nutrient Requirements SpeciesCP (%) ME (kcal/kg) Ca (%) P (%) Na (%) Cl (%) VitaminsMinerals Broiler 1-3 wk2130001.0.45.2 +++ Broiler 4-5 wk203100.9.35.15 ++ Broiler 6-7 wk183200.8.3.12 ++ Laying hen1529003.250.25.15.13++ Turkey 1-4 wk2828001.2.6.17.15+++ Turkey 5-8 wk2629001.0.5.15.14+++ Turkey 16-20 wk16.53200.65.3.12 ++

6. Discussion Question SpeciesCP (%) ME (kcal/kg) Ca (%) P (%) Na (%) Cl (%) VitaminsMinerals Broiler 1-3 wk2332001.0.45.2 +++ Broiler 4-5 wk203200.9.35.15 ++ Broiler 6-7 wk183200.8.3.12 ++ Laying hen1529003.250.25.15.13++ Turkey 1-4 wk2828001.2.6.17.15+++ Turkey 5-8 wk2629001.0.5.15.14+++ Turkey 16-20 wk16.53200.65.3.12 ++ How Does Feed Intake affect nutrient requirements

7. What Do We Feed Poultry? Grains: Oils: Soybean oil, Choice White Grease, Tallow, Poultry fat Byproduct meals: Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamin and Mineral premix

8. Diet Formulation IngredientCPMECaPNaClVitaminsMinerals Corn83350-.1--low Soybean meal482400-.1.2-low Soy oil-9000------ Limestone--38-.05--low Dical--1621.06--low Salt--.3-3960-low Vitamins and minerals------high

9. Diet Formulation IngredientCPMECaPNaClVitaminsMinerals Corn83350-.1--low Soybean meal482400-.1.2-low Soy oil-9000------ Limestone--38-.05--low Dical--1621.06--low Salt--.3-3960-low Vitamins and minerals------high Totals2332001.0.45.4 +++ 50% 40% 6.0% 1.7% 1.8% 0.3% 0.2% 100%

10. Diet Formulation IngredientCPMECaPNaClVitaminsMinerals Corn83350-.1--low Soybean meal482400-.1.2-low Soy oil-9000------ Limestone--38-.05--low Dical--1621.06--low Salt--.3-3960-low Vitamins and minerals------high Totals2332001.0.45.4 +++ 50% 40% 6.0% 1.7% 1.8% 0.3% 0.2% 100% SpeciesCP (%) MECa (%) P (%) Na (%) Cl (%) VitaminsMineral Broiler 1-3 wk2332001.0.45.2 +++

11. Considerations for Broiler Nutrition  Large feed complexes  Sourcing materials  All diets are pelleted  Increased feed efficiency

12. Considerations for Broiler Nutrition  Immature birds  6 to 7 wks to market  18 wks to maturity  Microflora not set until 10 d  Enzyme production not maximized until 2 wk

13. Discussion Question Why is lighting important for poultry nutrition?

14. Considerations for Layer Nutrition  Mature birds  18 to 110 wks  Can handle more complex diets  Little growth  Reproduction  Laying hens egg production  Very high calcium requirement. Why? Large egg 75 calories of ME 7.5g of crude protein 2g of calcium

15. Considerations for Turkey Nutrition  Faster initial growth rate than broilers  Higher amino acids (protein) requirements  Higher P and Ca requirements - why?  Hens 16-18 wks for 30 lbs  Toms 20-22 wks for 45 lbs