1. 1 Feed Composition

2. 2 Concentrate Feeds that are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients like GRAIN

3. 3 Roughage Feeds that are high in fiber and low in total digestible nutrient like HAY

4. 4 Feeds are classified according to chemical analysis in six general Groups 1.Water 2.Mineral Matter or Ash 3.Protein 4.Fiber 5.Fat 6.Nitrogen-free extract Each is component is deteremined by chemical analysis

5. 5 How Feed Companies are determined… Dry matter is determined by drying the material & measuring the amount of water removed: 100%-% water=% dry matter Protein is determined using chemicals to digests and break the protein down in to Nitrogen. Fat content is determined using an ether extract to remove the fat from the sample.

6. 6 Fiber is determined by first boiling the sample in a weak acid solution, then boiling it in a weak alkali solution. Minerals are determined by burning the sample. The mass left over (mostly carbon) is further analyzed. NFE nitrogen free extract: determined by extrapolation of the data from the chemical analysis. NFE= weight of sample – crude fat – fiber - minerals

7. 7 Vocabulary Review Ash Mineral matter in a feed. Calorie Basic unit of energy. Amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water 1C. Total amount of energy in a feed. Concentrate Feeds that are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients. Ex. Grain. Crude protein Total amount of Nitrogen including amino acids, enzymes, urea and ammonia. Extrapolate Analyzing groups of data to draw conclusions. Roughage Feeds that are high in fiber and low in total digestible nutrients. Ex. Hay.