Grammar Eng B Let’s eat Grandpa! Let’s eat, Grandpa! Use grammar! It can save lives!

Goal of grammar Be aware of the little things that can make a huge difference. Understanding the sentence and its elements.

Sentences, clauses and phrases A sentence has a capital letter, a subject, a finite verb and a full stop. (At least) A clause must have at least a subject element and a verb element. Either it’s an independent clause or a dependent clause Mom found it in the drawer (IC) Although I lost the library book (DC)

Phrases A phrase is a set of words which depending on what word being the main word could be a NP, VP, AP, AvP, PP

Different types of phrases Noun phrase a peaceful result Main word: result which is a noun Verb phrase must have been dreaming Main word: dreaming which is a verb Adjectival phrase very pleasant Main word: pleasant which is an adjective Adverbial phrase very carefully Main word: carefully which is an adverb Prepositional phrase in the shade Main word: in which is a preposition

There are four ways of constructing sentences Simple Compound Complex Compound/complex

Simple sentence One independent clause. Ex: Fred lives in London.

Compound Sentence Two or more independent clauses joined by a co-ordinating conjunction. Ex: Fred lives in London and Bill lives in Sweden.

Complex Sentence One main (independent) clause plus one or more subordinate (dependent) clauses. Ex: Fred lives in London because he has a job there.

Compound/Complex Sentence More than one main clause plus one or more subordinate clause. Ex: Fred sold his house and (he) moved to London when his wife died.

The English clause Fixed word order in statements Subject, predicate, object. Christine wrote the letter