What are Acids and Bases?? Section 2-3 Brainstorm: Name two acidic and two basic items in your home. Can acids and/or bases harm you? explain

We need to Describe Solutions in order to understand acids and bases! SSolution- mixture in which one or more substances are UNIFORMLY distributed in another. “ homogenous solution ” SSolute- what gets dissolved. SSolvent- what does the dissolving. EEx- salt water- salt is solute, water is solvent. Ice tea- mix=solute, water=solvent.

What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution?  SOLUTION = where a substance is dissolved in a liquid  ex: sugar dissolved in water  MIXTURE = when 2 substances are stirred together  ex: sugar crystals being mixed with salt grains

Describing Solutions  Concentration- measurement of how solute is in a solution.  Saturated Solution-a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved.  Aqueous (aq) Solution- special name for solutions that use water as the solvent.

Dissociation of Water BBasically the breaking apart of water into two oppositely charged ions. HH 2 O = H+ + OH- OOH- is the hydroxide ion HH+ reacts with another water HH+ + H 2 O = H 3 O+ HH 3 O+ is called hydronium ion

Acids  If a solution has more hydronium ions (H 3 O+) than hydroxide (OH-) ions then it is an acid.  Acids have a sour taste and can be highly corrosive.  pH less than 7.

Wait…..  Yucky pictures…..  Do you want to see????

Ulcers

Pressure Ulcer

Bases IIf a solution has more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydronium (H 3 O+) ions, it is a base. AAlkaline is another word for basic. BBases have a bitter taste, feel slippery and have pH’s above 7.

pH  pH is a scale used to determine the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.  It ranges from  0= very strong acid, =weak acid  14= very strong base, =weak base  7=neutral

Buffers CControl of pH is very important in living systems. TThings like enzymes have a small pH range in which they function. BBuffers- chemicals that neutralize small amounts of acids and bases. BBuffers help maintain pH of bodies fluids.

pH Scale