1 Integrating Human Factors into Designing User Interface for Digital Libraries Sung Been Moon

2 The Key Requirements for DL: Usability Scalability Sustainability

3 Key Components for Evaluating DLs: Contents Functionality Interface

4 Usability(1) a system’s capability in human functional terms to be used easily and effectively by the specified range of users, given specified training and support, to fulfill a specified range of tasks, within the specified range of environmental scenarios.

5 Usability(2) Learnability: ease of learning Efficiency: high level of productivity Memorability: ease to remember Errors : low error rate and easy recovery from them

6 Organizational Usability (1) refers to match between a computer system and the structure and practices of an organization, such that the system can be effectively integrated into the work practices of the organization’s members.

7 Organizational Usability (2) Accessibility: ease to gain physical access and electronic access to electronic resources Compatibility: level of comparability of file transfers

8 Organization Usability(3) Integrability into work practices: system fit with users’ work practices Social-organizational expertise: ease to get training and consulting to use systems

9 Cultural Models of Usability Universal Usability “Presupposed, taken-for granted models of the world that are widely shared by the members of a society and that play an enormous role in their understanding of that world and their behavior in it”

10 HCI is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. (ACM SIGCHI, 1992, p.6).

11 The goals of HCI is to develop or improve the safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, and usability of systems that include computers. (Interacting with computers, 1989, p.3).

12 HCI scholars make efforts to (1) Understand the factors (such as psychological, ergonomic, organizational and social factors) Develop tools and techniques to help designers ensure that computer systems are suitable for the activities for which people will use them.

13 HCI scholars make efforts to (2) Achieve efficient, effective and safe interaction both in terms of individual human-computer interaction and group interactions.

14 Accommodation of Human Diversity and Factors Cognitive and perceptual abilities Personality differences Cultural and international diversity

15 Research Questions (1) How can usability of a DL system be characterized and how does it vary across organizations and cultures, and nations?

16 Research Questions (2) How do those differences affect adoption and usage patterns of DLs? What conditions and human factors impede usability of DLs?

17 Research Plan (1) Select more than two countries Select users of DLs at academic institutions (e.g, university students) from each contury

18 Research Plan (2) Research Plan (2) Set up testable hypotheses to see how users’ preferences for user interface from the different countries are different.

19 Research Plan (3) Collect data using an appropriate research method to test the stated hypotheses. Find common human factors which can lead to universal usability of DLs.