1. Human Computer Interaction
CSIT-400
By:
Mumtaz Ali Rajput

2. Warning! Lecture slides are high-level description of lectures
Relying upon only the slides do not guarantee good grades in exams
For achieving good grades in exams always attend lectures, Study books, and explore web resources.

3. Agenda Usability and Quality Interdisciplinary nature of HCI
Disciplines contributing to HCI

4. Usability vs. Quality
Usability is “Ensuring that interactive products are easy to learn, effective to user and enjoyable from the User’s perspective”
Quality is the extent to which a software product exhibits the characteristics like:
- Functionality
- Reliability
- Usability
- Efficiency
- Maintainability
- Portability

5. Quality Quality is conformance to specifications
Quality is conformance to requirements
Quality is fitness for purpose or use
Quality is a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability, at low cost and suited to the market
Quality is synonymous with customer needs and expectations
Quality is meeting the stated requirements of the customer and in the future

6. Quality
Totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs (ISO)

7. Product A generic term that refers to - Goods - Services
Failure to meet quality requirements in either dimension can have serious negative consequences

8. “Quality” an HCI perspective
According to HCI perspective quality is not just Conformance of specification, conformance of requirement, or conformance of customer (could be one like: CEO, CIO) demands/expectations but rather it is something beyond these. In HCI terms it is actual need of the users (could be in thousands)
Specification could be incomplete, or some key requirements could be missing

9. What HCI is about? HCI is concerned with:
- Joint performance of tasks by humans and machines
- Structure of communications between human and machine
- Human capabilities to use machines
- Algorithms and programming of interfaces
- Engineering concerns in designing and building interfaces
- Process of design, specification and implementation
- Design trade-offs

10. Various Aspects of HCI Science Aspect:
- Human capabilities to use machines
Engineering Aspect:
- Building interfaces
Design Aspect:
- Design tradeoffs
The above mentioned indicates that HCI is a combination of several fields.

11. Human Side Aspects Cognitive Psychology - Understand Human Behavior
- Notion of Information Processing
- Everything you see, feel, touch, smell, taste is information processing
Social Organizational Psychology: Nature and causes of human behavior in social context.
It informs designers about social and organization structures and how computers will affect working practices

12. Human Side Aspects
Four Core Concerns of Social Organizational Psychology :
- Influence of One individual or another person’s attitude and behavior
- Impact of a group on its member’s attitude and behavior
- Impact of a member on group’s activities and structure
- Relationship b/w the structure and activities of different groups

13. Human Side Aspects
Ergonomics or Human Factors: To define and design tools and various artifacts for different work e.g., Hardware and software designs, VDU radiations
Linguistics: scientific study of Languages so that natural language interfaces can be developed
Philosophy, Sociology and Anthropology

14. Computer Side Aspects Computer Science Artificial Intelligence
Engineering
Design

15. Understanding interdisciplinary nature of HCI
Case study of air line ticketing system: A ticketing company with many shops throughout the country with manual ticketing system.
To compete the market they felt a need of installing an efficient ticketing system.

16. Requirements for ticketing system
Immediate booking via Internet
Automatic print-out of tickets, itineraries and receipts
Direct connection between booking system and accounting system
Elimination of booking forms

17. Consultant’s recommendations
Layout of the agency needs to be changed for staff to operate computers
Staff training
Changes to job design
Support to older staff during period of change

18. Factors in HCI Organizational Factors: - Training - job design
- politics
- roles Work organization
Environmental Factors
- Noise
- Heating
- Ventilation
- Lighting

19. Factors in HCI Health Factors: - Stress - Headaches
- Musculo-skeleton disorders
The user
- Motivation
- Enjoyment
- Satisfaction
- Personality
- Experience level
- Cognitive processes and capabilities

20. Factors in HCI Comfort level Factors: - Seating - Equipment - layout
User Interface Factors
- Input/ Output devices
- Dialogue structures
- Use of colors/ Icons
- Commands
- Graphics and Multimedia
- Natural language
- User support material -

21. Factors in HCI Task Factors: - Easy - Complex - Novel
- Task allocation
- Repetitive
- Monitoring
- Skills
- Multimedia

22. Factors in HCI Constraint Factors - Cost - timescale - budget - Staff
- Equipment
- Building structure
System Functionality Factors:
- Hardware
- software
- Application

23. Factors in HCI Productivity Factors - Increase output
- Increase Quality
- Decrease costs
- Decrease errors
- Decrease labor requirements
- Decrease production time
- Increase creative and innovative ideas leading to new products

24. Questions?