HWH UNIT 13 CHAPTERS 19.4 AND 20.3

 Some terms to clarify  Arab: one who speaks the Arabic language  Muslim: a practitioner of Islam  Most Arabs are Muslim; many Arabs are Christian  Jew: one who identifies with Jewish culture and tradition  Israel: the current nation-state, founded in 1948  Israeli: a citizen of Israel  Palestine: the area now occupied by the state of Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip  Palestinian: generally Arabs who desire a nation of Palestine  Palestinians do not have formally recognized nation today

 Jewish homeland, 2000 BC-135 AD  Various occupations (Romans, Ottomans, etc)  Arab controlled, 600s-1918  Zionism  Thedore Herzl  The movement toward establishing a Jewish state  Post-WWI  British Mandate of Palestine  Balfour Declaration, 1917  Pledged British support for a Jewish homeland

 UN Partition, 1947  Palestinian state and Israeli state  Palestinians reject partition

 David Ben Gurion  War  Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan vs. Israel  Israel gains land  Jordan and Egypt take land  NO PALESTINIAN STATE

 Gamal Abdel Nasser  Leader of Egypt  Leader of the Arab anti- Israel movement  Seized control of the Suez Canal  British, French, and Israel intervene

 Israel vs. Egypt, Syria, and Jordan  Golda Meir  Israel gains Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, and Jerusalem

 Palestinian Liberation Organization  Goal: establish a Palestinian state, drive out the Israelis  Yasser Arafat

 Egypt and Syria attack Israel  Anwar Sadat, leader of Egypt  Oil Embargo  The Problem of Settlements and Occupied Territories

 First Arab recognition of Israel  Sadat, Menachem Begin, and Jimmy Carter

 1982: Israel invades Lebanon  PLO attacking Israel from Lebanon  1987: The First Intifada  Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza strip rise up  Terrorism and Suicide bombings

 The Oslo Accords (1993)  Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat  Israel and Jordan sign peace treaty (1994)

 Rabin assassinated, 1995  The Second Intifada, 2000  Israel withdraws from Gaza,  Hamas vs. Fatah  West Bank: Fatah  Gaza Strip: Hamas

 Settlements  Fatah vs. Hamas  The question of Jerusalem  The “Two State Solution”