1. Do Now: Why do you think of your home as your home?
Topic: The Modern Middle East Aim: In what ways did Zionism contribute to the creation of Israel?
Do Now: Why do you think of your home as your home?

2. The ‘Middle East’:
No clear boundaries- it’s a region, not a country or continent
Refers to a group of nations in Afro-Eurasia (on and in between Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa)

4. Praying at the Western Wall in Jerusalem

5. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem:

6. The Sykes-Picot Agreement:
After being on the losing side of WWI, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by the British & French in secret agreement known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement
England took control of Egypt, Palestine, and others
France was given Lebanon and Syria
Partition created nations such as Iraq and Kuwait

7. The Jewish Diaspora:
In A.D. 73, Jews were expelled from Palestine by the Romans. This is known as the Diaspora.
Jews were then scattered around the Middle East and the Mediterranean
Arabic population settled the area of Palestine

8. Political and social movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Zionism:
Political and social movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Zionism aided by rampant ant-Jewish sentiment, as well as the Holocaust
Theodore Herzl was the creator of this movement
Theodore Herzl

9. The Balfour Declaration:
Palestine controlled by British after World War II
British government issued the Balfour Declaration, which expressed British support for the “establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people.”
The Arabs were not consulted.

10. Arab-Jewish Tension
As more Jews immigrated to Palestine, Arabs were displaced from the land as a result of settlements known as kibbutz’s
1947-United Nations adopted a plan to partition Palestine into Arab and Jewish states with Jerusalem as an international zone
Jews received 56% of the land, but 2/3 of the population was of Arabic origin. Jews were given the coastal area while the Palestinians received the inland arid and mountainous areas
The Arabs refused this arrangement
British withdrew in 1947 due to violence

11. The State of Israel: 1948- State of Israel announced
Roughly 400,000 Palestinians flee country
David Ben-Gurion first Prime Minister
The next day Israel is attacked by 5 Arab nations in the first Arab-Israeli War

12. PALESTINIAN
REFUGEES IN 1948:
Over 450,000
Palestinians left their
homes in March, 1948.
Jews claim that the
Palestinians were encouraged to leave by their Arab leaders. Palestinians claim that they
were forced to leave.

13. 1948 Arab-Israeli War
Israeli “War of Independence” – attacked the day after Israel was declared
Arab troops from Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia attacked
Israel was victorious in the war.

15. Palestinian Refugees:
After the war, Palestinians fled to West Bank and the Gaza Strip
Israel immediately occupied former Palestinian villages and resettling them with Jews
Israeli’s claim Palestinians chose to leave, and therefore should not be compensated for lost land or property.

16. The Six-Day War (1967) Planned by Egypt
Israeli intelligence showed Arab troops mobilized (gathering) on Israel’s border.
In a pre-emptive strike, Israel launched a surprise attack against Egypt.
Six days later, Israel defeated Egypt and allies Syria and Jordan.

17. Land Gained By Israel:
Six Day War effectively doubled the size of Israel
Israel gained the Gaza Strip the Sinai peninsula, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank
Israel began confiscating Arab lands to build Jewish neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
1964- PLO-Palestinian Liberation Organization was established

19. Disputed Land:
SINAI
PENINSULA

20. The Yom Kippur War (1973):
Egypt and Syria coordinated a surprise attack against Israel on the holy day of Yom Kippur. They were aided by 9 Arab states.
After suffering early losses, Israel (aided by the U.S.) eventually gained victory
Cease fire arranged by the U.N.

21. Aim: How have various attempts to make peace in the Middle East turned out?
Do Now: Based on what we have studied so far, do you think peace in the Middle East is possible? What are some obstacles to peace?

22. Camp David Peace Treaty between Egypt (Anwar el Sadat) and Israel (Menaham Begin) Sinai Peninsula returned to Egypt and Egypt recognized Israel as a nation

23. 1981-Anwar el Sadat of Egypt is assassinated by an Islamic fundamentalist.

24. 1987- Intifada first coined during this year
1987- Intifada first coined during this year. An Arabic word derived from the root meaning “to shake”. Palestinians
wanted to shake off the chains of
occupation. Symbolic stone throwing protests against Israeli soldiers

25. 1987- HAMAS (Islamic Resistance
Movement) formed. Plans to use political
and violent means to create an Islamic
Palestinian state. Influence concentrated in Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

26. 1993- Oslo Accords negotiates near Oslo, Norway, was an historic agreement between Israel and the PLO. Marked the first time that Israel and Palestinians formally recognized each other’s existence
President Clinton-U.S.
Rabin of
Israel
Arafat of
the PLO

27. 1995 –Rabin is assassinated by an
Orthodox Jewish Israeli because “Rabin
was going to give our country to the Arabs”.

28. 2002 to present- West Bank Barrier under construction
2002 to present- West Bank Barrier under construction. Israel claims it is for security reasons.

30. Jewish settlements in occupied lands West Bank and Gaza Strip
There are now over 200,000 Israelis living in about
300 settlements among 3 million Palestinians in the
West Bank and the Gaza Strip
These Israeli settlers are living on land which was
captured by the Israelis in the 1967 war and it
is on this land that the Palestinians want to
establish an independent state.