1 Melting glaciers help fuel productivity hotspots around Antarctica Kevin R. Arrigo Gert van Dijken Stanford University Melting glaciers help fuel productivity.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Prospects for ocean sequestration of carbon dioxide Andrew Watson School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Advertisements

Chapter 16 The Dynamic Ocean.

Atmospheric Iron Flux and Surface Chlorophyll at South Atlantic Ocean: A case study Near Patagonia J. Hernandez*, D. J. Erickson III*, P. Ginoux†, W. Gregg‡,

Biological pump Low latitude versus high latitudes.

Wind effects on Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions on the West Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf Mike Dinniman John Klinck Center for Coastal Physical.

Climatological Estimates of Greenland Ice Sheet Sea Level Contributions: Recent Past and Future J. E. Box Byrd Polar Research Center Understanding Sea-level.

The influence of extra-tropical, atmospheric zonal wave three on the regional variation of Antarctic sea ice Marilyn Raphael UCLA Department of Geography.

ECCO Meeting Pasadena – Nov 2, 2012 Michael Schodlok Ice Shelf Ocean Interaction in ECCO - IcES Michael Schodlok X. Wang, A. Khazendar, I. Fenty, M. Flexas.

WAIS 2005; Slide number 1. Numerical modelling of ocean- ice interactions under Pine Island Bay’s ice shelf Tony Payne 1 Paul Holland 2,3 Adrian Jenkins.

Sea Ice Bearded seals on the ice, Pribilof Islands, February 2007 Joan Pravatiner November 20, 2007.

1 Surface Circulation Pathways Generally, warm currents move poleward and cool currents move equatorward.

Iron fertilization: the biogeochemical basis for carbon sequestration Ken Johnson MBARI.

GOES-R 3 : Coastal CO 2 fluxes Pete Strutton, Burke Hales & Ricardo Letelier College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University 1. The.

Sea-ice & the cryosphere

“The open ocean is a biological desert.”. Primary Production Global chlorophyll concentrations for Oct

Comparative aspects of the biology of the Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems.

Recent results from GRACE in Greenland and Antarctica Isabella Velicogna* and John Wahr** * ESS, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA ** Dept Of.

10 Productivity and Food Webs in the Sea Notes for Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology By Jeffrey S. Levinton ©Jeffrey S. Levinton 2001.

The Global Ocean Carbon Cycle Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML Annual OCO review, June 2007: Celebrating Our Past, Observing our Present, Predicting our Future:

Rates of Summertime Biological Productivity in the Beaufort Gyre: A Comparison between the Record-Low Ice Conditions of August 2012 and Typical Conditions.

Video Field Trip 1. How are waves created? 2. Describe the way in which the moon influences the tides.

Climate and Fisheries Dr. Gordon H. Kruse Director & Professor of Fisheries, Fisheries Division, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of.

Wind effects on Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions on the West Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf Mike Dinniman John Klinck Center for Coastal Physical.

Introduction to Antarctica and the Antarctic, Why is it so cold? Jean Pennycook penguinscience.com.

Ice-ocean interactions and the role of freshwater input Didier Swingedouw, Adele Morisson, Hugues Goosse.

Stratification on the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf, Revisited C. Ladd 1, G. Hunt 2, F. Mueter 3, C. Mordy 2, and P. Stabeno 1 1 Pacific Marine Environmental.

The Sea Level Rise Story Bruno Tremblay McGill University Slide from Steven Nerem – University of Colorado.

Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles

Physical Oceanography. RAP Barrier Island Major Oceans The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________-

Overturning of the Antarctic Slope Front and glacial melting along the coast of Dronning Maud Land Ole Anders Nøst Martin Biuw, Christian Lydersen, Kit.

Sea Ice, Ice Shelves, and Polynyas. Sea Ice Formation --in Antarctica, begins forming in late summer with winds from the continent, evaporative cooling.

Melting glaciers help fuel productivity hotspots around Antarctica

Climate Change and Conservation. Atmospheric Inputs.

Antarctic Climate Response to Ozone Depletion in a Fine Resolution Ocean Climate Mode by Cecilia Bitz 1 and Lorenzo Polvani 2 1 Atmospheric Sciences, University.

Polar Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves: Mass Balance, Uncertainties, and Potential Improvements Robert H Thomas…etc.

Department of Environmental Earth System Science Stanford University

Icebergs, Ice Shelves and Sea Ice: A ROMS Study of the Southwestern Ross Sea for Michael S. Dinniman John M. Klinck Center for Coastal Physical.

The Southern Ocean geography, principal fronts, and oceanographic zones (see Table 13.1). The Subtropical Front (STF) is the oceanographic northern boundary.

Independent Research Project Antarctica’s Ice Melting Problem Student: Jurem Ortencio Teacher: Mrs Perera Class: 8H Subject: Humanities.

1 Life in Water Chapter 3. 2 The Hydrologic Cycle Over 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water:  Oceans contain 97%.  Polar ice caps and glaciers.

Permanent Ice Regions (Antarctica). the ice sheet covering the majority of the continent is highly reflective and doesn't absorb warmth.

Physical Oceanography Chapter 15. Major Oceans The three major oceans are : 1._______-largest, deepest, coldest, least salty. 2.__________- second largest,

Iron : Chemistry, sources and sinks..  Iron is the limiting factor in the surface water of S.O.  HNLC conditions « Iron hypothesis » (Martin et al.

200 pt 300 pt 400 pt 500 pt 100 pt 200 pt 300 pt 400 pt 500 pt 100 pt 200pt 300 pt 400 pt 500 pt 100 pt 200 pt 300 pt 400 pt 500 pt 100 pt 200 pt 300 pt.

Phytoplankton and Productivity

Oceans and anthropogenic CO 2 By Monika Kopacz EPS 131.

“Upwelling of south region of Gulf of California. Fluxes of CO 2 and nutrients ” Leticia Espinosa Diana Escobedo (IPN-CIIDIR SINALOA)

Recent decades of climate and cryospheric change on the Antarctic Peninsula David G. Vaughan British Antarctic Survey.

What science is needed for adaptation? “effective adaptation requires a sound physically- based understanding of climate change, often at levels of detail.

ASPIRE Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition.

P. Mathiot, B. Barnier, J.M. Molines, T. Penduff : LEGI - CNRS Correction of katabatic winds in ORCA05 and ORCA025 H. Gallée : LGGE - CNRS.

Dr. Neil S. Suits. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, The SeaWiFS Project and GeoEye, Scientific Visualization Studio SeaWiFS Ocean Biosphere: 1997 to.

Oceans & Anthropogenic CO 2 V.Y. Chow EPS 131.  CO 2 exchange across sea surfaces in the oceans  Measurement methods of anthropogenic CO 2  Distributions.

Lecture 10: Ice on Earth EarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdfEarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf, p. 8, 27-30; Ch. 2, p. 21; Ch. 10, p I.Sea Ice II.Glacial.

Ice Loss Signs of Change. The Cryosphere  Earth has many frozen features including – sea, lake, and river ice; – snow cover; – glaciers, – ice caps;

Incorporating Satellite Time-Series data into Modeling Watson Gregg NASA/GSFC/Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Topics: Models, Satellite, and In.

The Large Ocean Basins Indian Ocean 2. Arctic Ocean 3. Pacific Ocean 4. Southern Ocean 5. Atlantic Ocean.

Manfredi Manizza Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California - San Diego Understanding the Role of Sea-Ice in the Southern.

Younger Dryas Period/ CO2-climate feedbacks

The Antarctica Prepared By: Arishna V. Gandhi Std. 7-A

Composition & Characteristics of Oceans

CAN WE BRING THIS ALL TOGETHER TO EXPLAIN PATTERNS OF GLOBAL

Fe and Mn in sediments Their use as electron acceptors for Corg oxidation Mn cycling within the sediment column Fe cycling within the sediment column.

El Nino Upwelling and Ocean Productivity

Coastal CO2 fluxes from satellite ocean color, SST and winds

Iron from melting glaciers fuels the phytoplankton blooms in Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean): Iron biogeochemistry Lose J.A. Gerringa et al

Yujeong Lim Marine Ecology Laboratory

Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles

The Chemical Connection Between Wind and Whales

Physical Oceanography

Presentation transcript:

1 Melting glaciers help fuel productivity hotspots around Antarctica Kevin R. Arrigo Gert van Dijken Stanford University Melting glaciers help fuel productivity hotspots around Antarctica Kevin R. Arrigo Gert van Dijken Stanford University

Areas of open water surrounded by sea ice Can be identified with SSM/I satellite data Based on days of open water Blue = Max Red = Min Polynyas are blue areas near coast 2 Antarctic polynyas

Hot spots of primary production (g C m -2 yr -1 ) Antarctic polynyas

Hot spots of primary production (g C m -2 yr -1 ) Can support high densities of marine mammals and birds Ann Annual production (mg C m -2 yr -1 ) Mean colony size (1000 pairs) Adelie Penguins vs. Polynya Productivity R 2 = Arrigo and Van Dijken (2003) Antarctic polynyas

Hot spots of primary production (g C m -2 yr -1 ) Can support high densities of marine mammals and birds Ann Annual production (mg C m -2 yr -1 ) Weddell seal pups weaned Seal Pups vs. Polynya Productivity R 2 = Arrigo and Rotella (submitted) Antarctic polynyas

Hot spots of primary production (g C m -2 yr -1 ) Can support high densities of marine mammals and birds Large sinks for anthropogenic CO 2 Anthropogenic CO 2 flux (g C m -2 yr -1 ) 6 Arrigo et al. (2008) Ross Sea

Question: What controls phytoplankton abundance in Antarctic coastal polynyas? 7 Photo: John Weller Phaeocystis antarctica

Approach 8 SeaWiFS AVHRR SSM/I For : Used satellite data to identify polynyas, track changes in sea ice, measure chlorophyll a concentration, and calculate primary production (Arrigo et al. 2008)

Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean ANTARCTICA 9

Polynya number Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 ) Pacific IndianAtlantic Annual mean phytoplankton abundance in 46 coastal polynyas 10

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic Annual mean phytoplankton abundance in 46 coastal polynyas Not controlled by light or temperature (p > 0.05) 11 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic Shelf width (km) Annual mean phytoplankton abundance in 46 coastal polynyas Related to width of local continental shelf 12 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic Shelf width (km) Annual mean phytoplankton abundance in 46 coastal polynyas Related to width of local continental shelf R 2 = 0.40 p < 0.01 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 ) Shelf width (km) 13 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Blue = Low iron concentration Orange = High iron concentration visibleearth.nasa.gov 14 Why the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and continental shelf width? Highest seawater iron concentrations are on the shelf Wider shelves have larger iron inventory and permit greater entrainment of iron into surface waters (Bruland et al. 2005, Biller et al. 2013) More iron = higher phytoplankton biomass

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic 15 What other factors control phytoplankton abundance in coastal polynyas? Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic 16 What other factors control phytoplankton abundance in coastal polynyas? 39 of 46 coastal polynyas are adjacent to melting ice shelves Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) What other factors control phytoplankton abundance in coastal polynyas? 39 of 46 coastal polynyas are adjacent to melting ice shelves Basal melt rates are now available (Rignot et al. 2013) 17 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic R 2 = 0.59 p < 0.01 What other factors control phytoplankton abundance in coastal polynyas? Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 ) Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) 18 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic Polynyas w/o ice shelf = 0.40±0.13 mg m -3 What about coastal polynyas not near ice shelves? 19 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic y-intercept = 0.40 mg m -3 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 ) Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) What about coastal polynyas not near ice shelves? Polynyas w/o ice shelf = 0.40±0.13 mg m Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) Polynya number Pacific IndianAtlantic y-intercept = 0.40 mg m -3 Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 ) Basal melt rate (Gt yr -1 ) What about coastal polynyas not near ice shelves? Very productive polynyas receive input of glacial meltwater Polynyas w/o ice shelf = 0.40±0.13 mg m Chlorophyll a (mg m -3 )

(CDW) Phytoplankton bloom 22 Why the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and basal melt rate of nearby ice shelves? Particulate and dissolved iron is released into seawater From ground up bedrock and Fe accumulated in ice Facilitated by upwelling of warm CDW

Why the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and basal melt rate of nearby ice shelves? Particulate and dissolved iron is released into seawater From ground up bedrock and Fe accumulated in ice Facilitated by upwelling of warm CDW Iron taken up by growing phytoplankton 23 Modified from Gerringa et al. (2012) Depth (m) Dissolved iron (nM) Distance from Pine Island Glacier (km) Chlorophyll > 5 mg m -3 Chlorophyll > 10 mg m -3 DynaLiFe Cruise

Even coastal Antarctic polynyas are iron limited Together, basal melt rate and continental shelf width explain 70% of variance in phytoplankton abundance in coastal polynyas Basal melt rate and shelf width are weakly correlated with each other (R 2 =0.19) Antarctic polynyas are a 0.2 Pg C yr -1 sink for anthropogenic CO 2 Larger than entire high latitude Southern Ocean No interannual trends over 15 year time series However, if the rate of ice sheet melting accelerates, polynyas could become even more productive in the future 24 CONCLUSIONS

25 THANK YOU! Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Cryosphere Science Program