1. “Upwelling of south region of Gulf of California. Fluxes of CO 2 and nutrients ” Leticia Espinosa Diana Escobedo (IPN-CIIDIR SINALOA)

2. High productivity : 178-1595 g C m -2 y -1 Subtropical system: marginal sea approximately 1,000 kilometers long and 150 kilometers wide GULF OF CALIFORNIA Complex topography: deep basins, steep slopes, 900 desert islands, both narrow and wide continental shelves and numerous coastal lagoons Unique marine ecosystem: contains a variety of pelagic (deep) and benthic (shallow) environments, ranging from wetlands to coral reefs Depth (m) Oxygen minimum (0.1-0.2 ml/L) Depth (m) Winter/Spring Summer UPWELLING SPRING SEASON PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS

3. Natural Patrimony of Humanity: 244 islands (UNESCO, 2006) GULF OF CALIFORNIA One of the most ecologically pristine ecosystems in the world High productivity area: Very important fisheries PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREAS

4. MECHANISMS Mixing Upwelling Eddies Upwelling Eddies Antropogenic?

5. South Region Upwelling area (Cañón Sinaloa) Very few studies Physical Chemical Biological

6. Sea surface temperature average (2002-2012) Chlorophyll (2002-2012) Feeding area of mammals, birds, turtles

7. Goals: Description of physical and chemical dynamic (Low and High resolution) Biological response Anthropogenic Impact? Coastal connection

8. Ensenada, BC. Cabo Pulmo, BCS Bahía Magdalena, BCS Sinaloa upwelling Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network: Requeriments and Gobernance Plan (GOA-ON) HIGH RESOLUTION EFFORT

9. Get funds of CONACYT – part I

10. 0.74 °C last century Industry and agriculture 100 ppm (Siegenthaler et al., 2005)

11. The ocean uptake more than 2.2 millions of tones of CO 2, represents an impact in their chemical and biological structure When the CO 2 were dissolved in the water sea, create carbonic acid that promote a pH decrease (Feely et al., 2004) Upon Instrustrial Revolution the pH has been decease 0.1 units Ocean acidification

12. What's is the problem? In the south zone of California Gulf there are few research's from biological-chemical structure in the water column We do not know: The CO 2 air-ocean fluxes in the coastal zone The vertical distribution of carbon inorganic dissolved The nutrients contribution in the water column

13. Goal Which are the temporal variability of air-sea CO 2 flux in the upwelling area in the southern California Gulf Specific goals 1)Study the temporal variability from air-sea CO 2 flux. 2)Characterize the upwelling system with vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. 3)Know the variability of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, primary productivity in different oceanographic conditions (before, during, after upwelling season).

14. The project is he first step to know the CO 2 fluxes in the Sinaloa Upwelling We need to know about the anthropogenic contribution from Sinaloa to Baja California connection Thank you