What is cancer? Mitosis- normal cell division Cancer- uncontrolled cell division (carcinoma) –Develops into a tumor Benign- does not spread –(Not Cancerous)

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Presentation transcript:

What is cancer? Mitosis- normal cell division Cancer- uncontrolled cell division (carcinoma) –Develops into a tumor Benign- does not spread –(Not Cancerous) Malignant- when a tumor is cancerous, it spreads to other tissues Metastasizes – when cancer spreads from the spot of origin

CANCER

Cell division Regulation Cancer cells do not respond to cell regulators. Cyclin- protein that regulates cell cycle. –Cancer cells do not respond to cyclin.

Cell Regulators 2 types –Internal regulators- regulate division from inside the cell. Chromosome duplication –External regulators- regulate division from outside the cell. Growth factors

Normal Cell Growth in Petri Dish

Causes Carcinogen- any cancer causing factor Mutation to DNA Error in replication Outside factor damages portion of DNA Mutation disrupts normal cell cycle Mutation affects cell regulators

Carcinogens –Heredity –Age –Diet –Smoking  lung cancer leading cause in death from cancer. –Sun  skin cancer most common type in men & women –Alcohol –Radiation

Stages of Cancer Stage I- cancer contained within the affected organ. (small in size) Stage II- Cancer is in a large area of affected organ and beginning to spread Stage III- Cancer has spread to surrounding organs and lymph nodes Stage IV- Cancer has spread to multiple places in the body- difficult to treat Remission- temporary or permanent decrease in disease.

Risk Factors Exposure to carcinogens Family history Radiation exposure UV light – Tanning booths!!!!

Treatments Biopsy- cells are removed and analyzed to identify cancerous tissue. Surgery- cut out cancer cells Radiation- high energy radiation targeted at cancer cells. Strong side effects. Chemotherapy- pharmaceuticals target cancer cells. Targets all fast dividing cells leading to side effects.

Treatments Stem cell transplants – stem cells attempt to replace diseased cells; in hope that they produce healthy ones Holistic remedies