Obtaining Nutrients I.We need plants to fulfill life processes such as digestion, breathing, blinking, etc.

I.Autotrophs (producers) Need sunlight II.Heterotophs (consumers) Need food

Photosynthesis Uses light energy to construct simple sugarsUses light energy to construct simple sugars Occurs in chloroplasts of plantsOccurs in chloroplasts of plants 6CO H 2 O + light energy ---> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O Or carbon dioxide + water + light energy ---> glucose + oxygen + water

How do Plants do this? A photon of light strikes pigment (chlorophyll in thylakoids) causing an electron in an atom to become excited.A photon of light strikes pigment (chlorophyll in thylakoids) causing an electron in an atom to become excited. The excited (energized) molecule can pass the energy to another molecule or release it in the form of light or heat.The excited (energized) molecule can pass the energy to another molecule or release it in the form of light or heat. Electrons are repeatedly gained or lostElectrons are repeatedly gained or lost

Light Reactions Light reactions require light and take place in the thylakoid membrane.Light reactions require light and take place in the thylakoid membrane. They convert ADP and NADP (electron carriers) into ATP and NADPH (energy released) needed to produce glucose in the dark reactions.They convert ADP and NADP (electron carriers) into ATP and NADPH (energy released) needed to produce glucose in the dark reactions. Thylakoid Grana

Chlorophyll in plants absorb light most efficiently

Dark Reactions No light is needed. The plant uses the energy of ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions to create sugar.No light is needed. The plant uses the energy of ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions to create sugar. Takes place in the stroma (jelly like substance in the chloroplast)Takes place in the stroma (jelly like substance in the chloroplast)

Cellular Respiration The process in the mitochondria where simple sugars are “burned” to produce energy (in the form of ATP).The process in the mitochondria where simple sugars are “burned” to produce energy (in the form of ATP). Occurs in PLANTS AND ANIMALS!Occurs in PLANTS AND ANIMALS! 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 --> 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + energy OR oxygen + glucose  water + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)

How it works Glycolysis, Krebs and then the Electron Transport ChainGlycolysis, Krebs and then the Electron Transport Chain Mostly takes place in the mitochondria which supply all of the usable energy for Plants (autotrophs) and Animals (heterotrophs).Mostly takes place in the mitochondria which supply all of the usable energy for Plants (autotrophs) and Animals (heterotrophs).

Leaf Structure

–C–C–C–Cuticle – thick, waxy coat (cutin)that protects plant from loss of water and penetration by disease – part of the epidermis –E–E–E–Epidermis – on the top and bottom layer of the leaf (skin), protects leaf tissue –P–P–P–Palisade Layer – the dense upper layer that contains the chloroplasts –S–S–S–Stomata – opening in the leaf (most in lower epidermis)

–S–S–S–Spongy Layer – lower layer that contains more air space and chloroplasts Guard Cells – protect the openings called the stoma in the leaf and regulate the passage of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide through the le

Vein – through petiole (part attached to stem) Xylem – transports water, minerals and hormones Phloem – transports sugar, oxygen and hormones Chloroplasts - to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water by using light energy. Chlorophyll – green pigment required to convert light energy into chemical energy Grana – Stack of coins/pancakes Thylakoid– flattened membranes sacs Stroma – cytoplasm of chloroplast

Enzymes in Plants Remember, Autotrophs make their own organic nutrients (simple sugars). How do plants do this? Enzymes speed the necessary chemical reactions and give organisms the ability to control how much, where, and when these reactions occur Glucose is coupled together into starch in the roots of plants for storage. –T–T–T–The enzyme for this reaction is called: Sucrase The chemical reaction that occurs is a Dehydration Synthesis, draw the structures of two glucose molecules being joined to create a disaccharide.