1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like organisms make their energy (glucose) from sunlight.
Stored as carbohydrate in their bodies.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2

2. Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!

3. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
sunlight
absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon dioxide.

4. Plants in Action Check it!
What is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars?

5. Plant Cells

6. The photograph below is an elodea leaf X 400
The photograph below is an elodea leaf X 400. Individual cells are clearly visible. The tiny green structures within the cells are chloroplasts this is where photosynthesis happens.                                    

7. Chloroplasts make the sugars!

8. Leaves are green because they contain
Plants
Leaves are green because they contain
the pigment:
chlorophyll
Leaves have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible
"Thanks for the Glucose!"

9. Chloroplasts make the oxygen too!

10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Absorbing Light Energy to make chemical energy: glucose!
Pigments: Absorb different colors of white light (ROY G BIV)
Main pigment: Chlorophyll a
Accessory pigments: Chlorophyll b and Carotenoids
These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) BUT green!

11. Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).

12. Chlorophyll: A Light Absorbing Pigment
The Solar Panel Chemical!

14. Photosynthesis
Glucose provides the energy and carbon needed to make other plant materials like wax and proteins.

15. Oxygen and Sugar!

16. In plants and simple animals, waste products are removed by diffusion
In plants and simple animals, waste products are removed by diffusion. Plants, for example, excrete O2, a product of photosynthesis.

17. EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Memorize This!!
WATER
OXYGEN
6CO2 +
6H2O +
ENERGY
C6H12O6 +
6O2
CARBON DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE

18. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2 Phases
Light-dependent reaction
Light-independent reaction
Light-dependent: converts light energy into chemical energy; produces ATP molecules to be used to fuel light-independent reaction
Light-independent: uses ATP produced to make simple sugars.

19. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Light-dependent reaction (LIGHT Reaction)
Requires light
Occurs in chloroplast (in thylakoids)
Chlorophyll (thylakoid) traps energy from light
Light excites electron (e-)
Kicks e- out of chlorophyll to an electron transport chain
Electron transport chain: series of proteins in thylakoid membrane

20. The chloroplast structure
On the image below identify the membranes, the stroma and the thylakoids.

21. The innermost membrane of the chloroplast is called the thylakoid membrane.
The thylakoid membrane is folded upon itself forming many disks called grana (singular = granum).
The "cytoplasm" of the chloroplast is called the stroma

22. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-dependent reaction (LIGHT Reaction)
Energy lost along electron transport chain
Lost energy used to recharge ATP from ADP
NADPH produced from e- transport chain
Stores energy until transfer to stroma
Plays important role in light-independent reaction
*****Total byproducts: ATP, NADP, O2

23. PHOTOSYNTHESIS How did we get O2 as a byproduct?!
Photolysis: replaces lost electrons by splitting water

24. At each step along the transport chain, the electrons lose energy.
Sun
Light energy transfers to chlorophyll.
At each step along the transport chain, the electrons lose energy.
Chlorophyll passes energy down through the electron transport chain.
Energized electrons provide energy that
to ADP
splits
H2O
bonds P
forming ATP H+
NADP+
oxygen
released
NADPH
for the use in light-independent reactions

25. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2. Light-independent reaction (Dark Reaction)
Does not require light
Calvin Cycle
Occurs in stroma of chloroplast
Requires CO2
Uses ATP and NADPH as fuel to run
End Product: Makes glucose sugar from CO2 and Hydrogen

27. The Calvin Cycle

28. Check it!
The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars is _____________.
Cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Photosynthesis
Photolysis

29. Check it!
The function accomplished by the light-dependent reactions is ______________.
Energy storage
Sugar production
Carbon fixation
Conversion of sugar

30. Trapping Energy from Sunlight!!
Photosynthesis
_________________= The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars ( Like ___________ )
glucose
These simple sugars are then converted into complex carbohydrates, such as ____________, which store energy.
starches

31. The Calvin Cycle Takes 6 Turns to make 1 glucose molecule
Takes place in the STROMA OF THE CHLOROPLAST! (The organelle of photosynthesis)

32. The Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle starts with the intake of CO2 from the air.
The chloroplast traps light energy
Water is used to provide oxygen to the cell.
Sugar is made in the form of glucose.
Oxygen is released out of the plant