ISUAL Sprite Imager Interface and Status Review Stewart Harris

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Outline Imager Overview Interface Details Design and Fabrication Status

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Objectives Provide high temporal and spatial resolution imaging of Sprites and other emissions related to lightning storms Provide imaging of aurora and airglow

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Optical Path

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Optical Specifications Filters –1: nm notch at –2:762 nm –3:427.8 nm –4:630 nm –5:557.7 nm –6: nm IR/thermal block

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Optical Specifications, con’t. Lens –Focal length:61.8 mm –Field of View:±10º (h) (20º full angle) –Focal ratio:f/1.56 –Image size:21.4 mm horizontal –Spectral band: nm –Spot Diameter:on-axis:16  m (80% encircled energy) 7º:22  m 10º:30  m (Note: Input pixel size:41.8  m)

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Detector specifications Image Intensifier –Type:25 mm Gen II –Manufacturer:DEP –Photocathode:Super S25, 6 mm quartz window –MCP:Single, 100 ns gating –Phosphor:P46, fiber optic window 2 µs decay time constant Fiber Optic Taper –Input diameter25.0 mm –Output diameter14.4 mm –Ratio1.74 : 1

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Detector specifications, con’t. CCD –Type:1024 x 1024, frame transfer –Manufacturer:Dalsa, IA-D4 –Antiblooming:Vertical anti-blooming (VAB) –Primary mode:512 x128 (binned 2x2 and masked) –Pixel size (unbinned):12 µm x 12 µm –Pixel size (binned):24 µm x 24 µm –# of Outputs:2 –Pixel readout rate:8 MHz

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar CCD Block Diagram IA-D4 Image Sensor Image Area Storage Area Output

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar CCD Active Area Masking Imaging Earth Limb –Narrow, 4:1 Aspect Ratio –CCD Active Area –Mask applied to f/o taper –Size: 1024 x 256 (unbinned) –Size: 512 x 128 (binned) –FOV: 20° x 5º Top view of Dalsa CCD with f/o window

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Mechanical Layout

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Connector Locator J1 Imager Electrical Board J4 Phosphor High Voltage J3 MCP High Voltage J2 Front End Electronics

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Electrical Board Functions Connections –Thermistors TEC hot side Lens (front and rear) Filter Wheel Filter Motor Daylight Sensor Survival (spacecraft) –Heater Circuits Lens (front and rear) Filter Wheel Survival (spacecraft) –Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) Power controlled from AEP –Stim Source Active Electronics –Photocathode Power Supply On/off control Gate control from FEC –DayLight Sensor Buffer Analog output (left and right) –Filter Wheel Motor Driver Stepper motor (2 phases) Position indicators (2 bits)

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar J1 - Imager Electrical Interface Reference Designator: J1 Location: Imager Electrical Board Interface Connector Type: SDD44F4000G Mating Connector: SDD44M1000G SDD44F4 -- Face View

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Image Intensifier Interface Imager Electrical Board J pin Photocathode Power Supply Image Intensifier - 25 mm MCP-Out -1kV HV Supply Phosphor (Anode -6kV) HV Supply GATE FEC Connector J4 - 9 pin J3 - 9 pin MCP-In GND

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar J3 - MCP HVPS Interface Reference Designator: J3 Location: Imager, MCP (stbd) HVPS Connector Type: SND9F5000G Mating Connector: SND9M1000G SND9F5 -- Face View

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar J4 - Phosphor HVPS Interface Reference Designator: J4 Location: Imager, Phosphor (port) HVPS Connector Type: SND9F5000G Mating Connector: SND9M1000G SND9F5 -- Face View

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Front End Electronics Block Diagram Digital I/O Timing Generator Based on FPGA Develops Bias & Clock Voltages Linear Regulators Voltage Monitor Clock Drivers: Analog SPDT Switches R/C waveform shaping CCD Preamps Correlated Double Sample A/D Converters J2

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Front End Electronics Interface Data[0..11] –12 bits per pixel PixelClock (PIXCLK) –pixel data strobe FrameValid (FRMV) –indicates duration of frame LineValid (LINV) –indicates duration of line –used only during test Busy (BUSY) –signals start of EXP Acquire (ACQ) –signals start of exposure in Aurora mode –signals Event in Sprite mode CommandData (CDI) –serial data interface for upload of camera parameters VoltageMonitor (MON) –switched analog output Power –dc voltages Images are transferred to the AEP in data frames, each frame is 128 lines x 512 pixels

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar J2 - FEC Electronics Interface Reference Designator: J2 Location: Imager, rear panel FEC Connector Type: SDD62F4000G Mating Connector: SDD62M1000G

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Data Transfer Timing Line Timing Pixel Timing T frame = 9.6 ms T line = 75  s T pixel = 125 ns N > 512

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Image Readout Order CCD array is illustrated showing the order in which pixels are transferred from Imager to AEP Line 1. Each cell represents one pixel 2. Since the CCD is read from two outputs, the image is split in the middle

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Aurora Mode Imaging Take exposure Shift image entire vertical register Read out image The time to shift and readout one image: ~15 ms Exposure duration can be as long as ~ 1 second N - 1

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Frame Timing - Aurora Mode * EXP and VSHIFT are only indicating the relative timing of the exposure period and CCD vertical shift period Notes: 1. Images are taken while ACQ held high. 2. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  1 sec 3. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE (T Exp + T Frame + T Vshift )  T Reprate  5 sec 4. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 5. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift ~ 5 ms (Aurora Mode)

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Sprite Continuous Mode Clocking N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N - 5 N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 Image Area Storage Area Expose New Image AND Shift & Read image from Storage Area Shift Image & Storage Areas Transfer another image into Storage Area Repeat Cycle Note: Storage area is shifted twice as often T frame

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Frame Timing - Sprite Continuous Notes: 1. Imaging begins when FSW sets mode to Sprite Continuous 2. ACQ signals the Sprite Event occurrence 3. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  100 ms 4. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE ( max(T Exp, T Frame ) + T Vshift )  T Reprate  100 ms 5. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 6. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift = 1.3 ms (Continuous Mode) 7. No attempt is made to synchronize EXP with GDelay

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Sprite Burst Mode Clocking N N - 1 N N + 1 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N - 1 N N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N + 2 N + 3 T frame N T frame Begin acquisition of N images at leading edge of Event Trigger Image readout time ~ (N+1) T readout T readout Acquisition Phase Readout Phase

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Frame Timing - Sprite Burst Mode Notes: 1. Continuous fast exposures begin when FSW sets mode to Sprite Burst 2. When ACQ occurs, N Post exposures are taken, then 8 images are readout 3. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  100 ms 4. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE (T Exp + T Vshift )  T reprate  10 ms 5. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 6. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift < 750  s (Burst Mode)

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Principal Camera Parameters Gated operation enable Photocathode gate open/close Set Mode (Aurora, Sprite Continuous, Sprite Burst) Set number of Post Trigger Images, NPOST –Only used in Burst Mode (TBD) Set Exposure (EXP) duration Set repetition (REPRATE) period Set photocathode Gate Delay (GDELAY) Note: –Dark image acquire accomplished by disabling gated operation, force gate closed, set mode and acquire dark image.

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Camera Parameters (Complete List)

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Design Status Breadboard fabrication and testing complete Detailed design in progress –FEC Electronics Design Schematics: 6 of 7 completed PCB Layout: 5 of 7 completed –Imager Electrical Board Design In progress –Imager Mechanical Design In progress

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar FEC Breadboard A breadboard version of the FEC electronics was built to test the design of clock drivers, preamps, correlated double sample (CDS) circuitry and 12-bit A/D conversion.

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Breadboard Camera Measurements Measured system gain 29 e-/ADU Measured readout noise < 50 e- rms CCD full well ~ 120,000 e- Dynamic range > 2400:1 Operating Parameters Master clock: 22.5MHz Pixel clock: 7.5 MHz Line clock: 340 kHz

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Breadboard Camera Image

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar Imager Fabrication Status Assembly of ETU Imager to start 15 May –All PC boards need to be etched by this date FEC Board etch has already started –All Mechanical parts to be fabricated by this date –Electrical / Electronic (EE) Parts status see next page –Optics Parts status see next page

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar EE Parts and Optics Status

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar The End

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar FEC - to - AEP Interface FEC CDC MM DPU ADDR DATA PIXCLK FRMV BUSY Power Controller ACQuire CDI CCD Temp Volt Monitor DC Power Int_Buf_Switch Event Enable Photometer Event SPDC Event IRQ AEP PIXCLK BUSY

NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar PCB Assembly Drawing FEC Analog Processor PC Board: Assembly Dwg A4A Return