CHAPTER 7 – STUDY GUIDE REVIEW * READ CHAPTER AND STUDY EVERYTHING FROM THIS CHAPTER

1. DESCRIBE THE STORMING OF BASTILLE – Rumors… Swiss Guard was going to use force against the Nat’l Assembly Foreign troops were arriving to massacre French citizens – July 14, 1789 a mob went looking for gunpowder & arms at the Bastille (the prison ran by gov’t) – Fall of Bastille is symbolic act of French Rev.

2. WHY WAS THE ESTATES-GENERAL CALLED FOR THE 1 ST TIME IN 175 YEARS? – E-G had Medieval Rules… assembly of representatives from all 3 estates Each estate had one vote = 3 votes total (no ties)  Purpose of meeting…  was to decide if the 2 nd estate (nobles) should be required to pay taxes to take some of the burden off of the 3 rd estate (peasants)

3. LIST THE GOALS OF THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA. – 3 goals were… Prevent future aggression by France solution surround them with more powerful nations Restore a balance of power no country could be a threat Restore Europe’s royal families to thrones

4. DESCRIBE THE REIGN OF TERROR  Robespierre Assumes Control:  Creates Committee of Public Safety  Those who challenged his rules were killed; even fellow radicals  Around 40,000 people  Had Marie Antoinette killed  Robespierre was killed by guillotine  No one was safe from the guillotine

5. EXPLAIN THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN…  “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

6. WHAT WAS THE SLOGAN FOR THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?  Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (Brotherhood)

7. WHY WAS THE LA TERRITORY SOLD TO THE U.S.A.?  Sold to Pres. Jefferson for $15 million  Reasons: Got money to finance European attacks Punish British & make America stronger Cut his losses in America

8. DESCRIBE BRITAIN’S RESPONSE TO THE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM. – G.B. started their own blockade & it was stronger Neutral ships were stopped, sent to G.B. port, ships were searched, & then taxed

9. WHAT WERE THE TERMS OF THE TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU? – Gave up throne – Given a small pension – Banished to a small island off the coast Italy called Elba

10. LIST THE CHANGES ROBESPIERRE MADE TO FRANCE.  Closed all churches  Changed calendar into 12 months of 30 days  Renamed the months  No Sundays on Calendar  Creates Committee of Public Safety

11. DESCRIBE THE “OLD REGIME” SYSTEM OF GOV’T. First Estate – – Roman Catholic Clergy Members 1% of population & Owned 10% of land Provided education & relief services to poor Contributed 0% to 2% of their income to gov’t Second Estate – – Rich nobles, 2% of population – Owned 20% of land & paid NO taxes Third Estate – 97% of population & Paid high taxes RESENTED THE 1 ST TWO ESTATES Believed in Enlightenment Ideals & wanted gov’t changes

12. LIST THREE REASONS FRANCE WAS IN DEBT – A FINANCIAL CRISIS  Excessive spending & gambling by the monarchy  Helping the Americans defeat the British in the American Revolution  Taxes made it almost impossible to run a profitable business

14. DESCRIBE THE 100 DAYS  Napoleon escaped from Elba  Seized Power from Louis XVIII  Fought Prussia and Russia to gain control of his Empire  Lost at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium  Sentenced to life on St. Helena Island

15. LIST THE REASONS WHY NAPOLEON LOST IN RUSSIA  Scorched-Earth Policy by Czar Alexander I  Extremly cold and brutal Russian winter  Lack of food and shelter

WHAT HAPPENED AT THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO?  Napoleon’s last bid for power ended  He lost this battle  Then sent to exile on St. Helena island

17. A) ALEXANDER I OF RUSSIA -  Used scorched-earth policy  Burned down the “holy city” of Moscow when Napoleon was marching through Russia

17. B) FREDERICK WILLIAM III OF PRUSSIA  Participated in the creation of the “Holy Alliance”

17. C) KLEMENS VON METTERNICH OF AUSTRIA  Most influential ruler at the Congress of Vienna  Was the Foreign Minister of Austria & Prince of Austria  Distrusted the democratic ideals of French Revolution

17. D) LOUIS XVI  Called up troops for protection and this caused the “Great Fear” among the peasants  King of France that was executed by guioltine during the French Revolution

17. E) LOUIS XVII  Son of Louis XVI – Died in prison during the French Revolution

17. F) LOUIS XVIII  Brother of Louis XVI – Became King of France after Napoleon was banished from France

17. G) MARIE ANTOINETTE  Austrian princess who spent a lot of money on fashion & playing cards.  Was executed during the French Revolution

17. H) EMMANUEL-JOSEPH SIEYES  Clergyman from the 1 st Estate  Fought for the rights of the 3 rd Estate  Recommended that the 3 rd Estate create the National Assembly

17. I) NAPOLEON BONAPARTE  Born on the French island of Corsica  Sent to military school at the age of 9  Fought in the French Revolution Army  Rose to power and became Emperor

17. J) JEAN-PAUL MARAT  Jacobin leader  Wanted death to all who supported the King  Stabbed to death while taking a bath

17. K) MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE  Jacobin leader  Created the Committee of Public Saftey  Killed between 30,000-40,000 people